1. We are born with five genetically encoded needs
REALITY THERAPY
Personality
We are born with five genetically encoded needs
1. Survival - Food, Shelter, Health, Sex
2. Love and Belonging - giving & receiving love, friendships
3. Power and Self Esteem - achievement, confidence
4. Freedom - space, independence, autonomy
5. Fun - pleasure, laughter, learning

2. Personality
Each of us has all five needs but they vary in strength, and the method of fulfilling them is different . We need to eat but some people want pizza and some want salad
We are by nature social creatures and require relationships to enable us to meet our needs
Our need to love and belong is our primary need
Although we are given these five needs from birth, we are not naturally endowed with the ability to fulfill them.

3. At any time, 4 process are happening for us
Personality
Regardless of what happens in our lives or what we have done we can choose behaviours that will help us meet our needs more effectively
At any time, 4 process are happening for us
1. Doing or acting
2. Thinking
3. Feeling
4. Physiology
The combination of all four processes is called Total Behaviour. We use these processes to help us meet our needs.

4. Motivation
All behaviour is our best attempt (at that moment) to satisfy our basic needs
Behaviour is purposeful in that it is designed to close the gap between what we want and what we perceive we are getting
 All actions are generated from this discrepancy

5. Motivation
All behaviour is internally motivated, we are not victims of our circumstance. We try to control ourselves, people and situations in order to meet our needs. The only person’s who’s behaviour we can control is our own.
To meet our needs we need a sense of self-control, however problems occur when:
Problems occur when our attempts at satisfying our needs are not effective
To meet our needs we try to control others or try to give ourselves a false sense of control (drugs, alcohol)
We act in a manner that conflicts with our goals

6. Dysfunctional Personality
The underlying problem of dysfunctional individuals is that they are involved in unsatisfactory relationships where they are not able to fulfill their needs
Disturbed kids usually have no responsible adults in their “quality world” They have given up on satisfying the need for belonging and love
This being the case disturbed kids usually overcompensate by seeking fun and pleasure. And avoiding all responsibility and control

7. Dysfunctional Behaviour
Denial of Reality
Another aspect of dysfunctional behaviour is the individual’s tendency to avoid the unpleasant natural and logical consequences of their behaviour.

8. Behavioural Change
When we feel anxious or upset it is because one or more of our basic needs are not being met to our satisfaction
GOLDEN RULE - if you want to change how you feel, begin by changing what your are doing or what you are thinking

9. Behavioural Change Conditions of Change
People are convinced that their present behaviour is not getting them what they want
People believe that they can choose other behaviours that will get them what they want

10. To help clients become more effective at meeting their needs
Therapeutic Process
Role of CYW
Develop a relationship with the child in order that they may get to the point of realizing the conditions of change
Goals of CYW
To help clients become more effective at meeting their needs
1. Develop a therapeutic relationship with the client
2. Help clients identify what they are doing and if they are willing to change
3. Help the client develop a specific plan for change
4. Ensure the client makes and maintains a commitment to change

11. Therapeutic Process Relationship
The achievement of this process depends on the quality of the relationship. The worker in a sense becomes part of the child’s “quality world”
Establish a confrontive, supportive, non critical, caring environment that leads to a therapeutic relationship and the ability of the child to meet their needs.
If the CYW realizes that they are working with a disconnected child, the only goal is to get connected with the child. If the CYW can’t make the connection there is no way of providing significant help

12. Therapeutic Process
Developing a Plan for Change
W - identify what the client wants - what is in his/her quality world
D - what is the client doing? What would they like to do differently
E - evaluate - does what you do get what you want
P - make a plan for change and get a commitment

13. Characteristics of an Effective Plan
S - Simple - the plan should be simple to understand, specific and concrete
A - Attainable - the plan is within the capacities and motivation of the client
M - Measurable - are the changes desired, observable and ` helpful
I - Immediate - What can the client do starting today
C - Controlled & Committed - Can the client complete this plan by themselves - Structure the plan in the form of a contract

14. Behaviour Management
Involves two goals of developing a relationship and supporting the client’s plan for change
Like person centred the focus is to be as non intrusive as possible
The CYW needs control but must recognize that the child also has control needs
Techniques like, signaling, touch and proximity control
Avoid rewards & punishments, physical restraint

15. Programming Relationship Plan for Change
Initial programming goals focus on establishing a relationship
Plan for Change
Focus on teaching skills to allow them to meet their basic needs. ie. Life skills, social skills
Activities to encourage the child’s exploration of his/her quality world Art, Collages, Photography

16. Develop a relationship
Counselling
Develop a relationship
Use counselling time to develop a relationship. You must become part of the client’s quality world
Develop a plan
Once the relationship has developed use the counselling intervention as a forum to help the client formulate and work toward plans for change
Maintain Client’s commitment
The key element of the relationship is to hold clients committed to their plans for change if realistic.
Prevent the client from avoiding natural and logical consequences of their behaviour

17. Terminology
TOTAL BEHAVIOUR - The integrated components of doing Thinking 3. Feeling 4. Physiology
QUALITY WORLD - The perceptions and images we have of the resources available to fulfill our basic needs
RESPONSIBILITY - The ability to fulfill one's needs in a way that does not deprive others of the ability to fulfill their needs

18. COMMITMENT - the act of sticking to a realistic plan aimed at change.
DENIAL OF REALITY – The tendency of individuals to avoid the unpleasant natural and logical consequences of their behaviour.