1. (OESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION)
CHOKE
(OESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION)

2. CHOKE (OESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION)
Anatomical view of oesophagus in cattle:
It is a musculomemberanous tube which extends from the pharynx to the stomach. it is located medially to the trachea at its origin but at the 4th cervical vertebra. It is located on the left side of the trachea. Histologically it consists of mucosa which occurs in folds, submucosa (which contains elastic fibres, submucosal glands), the muscular layer (which consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles), and the adventitia or fascia.

3. Definition
Acute oesophageal obstruction usually occur in the cervical part of the oesophagus characterized by tympany, salivation and dysphagia.

4. Causes: (A) Foreign body:
Any foreign body may be engulfed with the food due to the type of prehension.
(B) Solid subjects:
Usually ate but not masticated such as apple, orange, turnips, beets of sugar can, ear of corn and potatoes.

5. Pathogenesis Obstructed oesophagus may:
A- Prevent eructation which leads to tympany.
B- Prevents passage of food which leads to dysphagia and regurgitation of food.
C- cause irritation which lead to restlessness and salivation.

6. Symptoms
1- Sudden acute tympany with varying degrees according to the degree of obstruction.
2- Profuse salivation.
3- Extended head and neck.
4- Continuous chewing movement.
5- Nervous restlessness.
6- Passage of stomach tube is impossible.
7- External swelling at the jugular furrow.
8- Regurgitation of food soon after swallowing.

8. Diagnosis: 1- history: - Sudden onset of tympany. -Type of food.
2- Symptoms.
3- Confirmative diagnosis:
- Palpation of foreign body from outside.
- Passage of stomach tube to locate the site of obstruction.
- Free pharynx.

9. Treatment A- Hygienic treatment. 1- Prevent food intake.
2- Excess water supply.
B- Supportive:
Parentral feeding.

10. C- Medicated treatment:
I- Sedatives to control pain:
a) Rumpon
b) Zylocain.
2- Tranquilizers as chloral hydrate (30 gm in 500 mL water by stomach tube.
3- Relief tympany: by using trocar and canula.
4- Manual extraction of the foreign body:
a- Massage of the cervical part to activate peristalsis that relief spontaneously.
b- Massage Upward and get-ride of the foreign body from mouth cavity either by fingers or by forceps.
c- Gentle knock of the foreign body by using stomach tube to push it toward rumen.
5- Surgically: rumenotomy.

11. QUESTIONS