1. The Return of the Roman Empire

2.  What had happened to the old Roman Empire?  Why had the Western part crumbled?  Where was the new center of the Roman Empire?

3.  527 C.E. (A.D.) Justinian ascended to the throne  He was not only the head of state, but head of the church  Had absolute power  He decided to reclaim Rome from the German tribes, notably the Ostrogoths

4.  Byzantine had a hard time communicating with the West (where Rome was)  The capital was Constantinople  People spoke Greek, not Latin  Citizens felt as thought they were sharing the Roman traditions still even though they weren’t in Rome

5.  Justinian ordered the laws of Rome to be combed through  Outdated laws were removed; new laws created  New code known as Justinian’s Code

6.  Dealt with marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal justice  Combination of the Twelve Tables from the West, and Hammurabi’s Code from the East.

7.  Justinian worked to rebuild Constantinople  Built a 14 mile stone wall on the coast  Repaired the Western wall  Crowning glory was the Hagia Sophia  “Holy Wisdom”  Had been a church and been destroyed in 532  Was considered the most splendid church

8.  The exterior of the church, which still stands today

10.  Byzantine kept the Roman-Greco cultures alive by teaching the classics  Children learned the Greek and Latin grammar  Students learned about Homer  Preserved the culture for the world

11.  Why was the Eastern Empire important?  What did Justinian do to improve the new capital city?  How did Justinian keep order?  In what ways did Byzantine keep Greco- Roman culture?

12.  Christianity developed differently between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires  In the West, the Pope became the central figure  In the East, Christianity developed from works of early church fathers, like St. Basil.  A dispute arose over icons- East banned it, West approved

13.  West- Roman Catholicism  Pope is the head over all others  Services are done in Latin  Priests can’t marry  No Divorce  East- Eastern Orthodoxy  Emperor heads all patriarchs and bishops  Services done in Greek  Priests can marry  Divorce is allowed under certain conditions

14.  The Pope excommunicated the Byzantine emperor  1054- got even worse  The patriarch, the head of the Eastern Church, and the pope, head of the Western Church, excommunicated one another from the church  Led to the official split of the church: Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

15.  The Eastern church converted Slavs, who lived near the Black Sea  St. Methodius and St. Cyril worked with the Slavs  They invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages  Known as the Cyrillic alphabet

16.  Why was there a split in the church?  What is excommunication?  What were the two religions of the empire?  Who helped develop a new alphabet for Slavic languages?

17.  A series of setbacks would occur  The plague came through and destroyed a huge part of the population  Foreign enemies attacked the Byzantine Empire constantly  Islamic armies rose and began attacking from the Arabian peninsula  It would finally fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

18.  Compare and contrast the Western Roman and Eastern Byzantine empires  Draw a Venn diagram