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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.1 The Queue Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, "Certainly, I can!" Then get busy and find out how to do it. Theodore Roosevelt
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.2 Queue a list (initially empty) of items (of some type) to which items may be added at one end (called the rear ) and from which items may be removed at the other end (called the front ) examples waiting lines print queues process queue behaviour FIFO ordering error conditions: underflow overflow
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.3 Queue Interface generic ( Stores objects of type E ) no requirements operations: enter (enqueue, add, insert) leave (dequeue, remove, delete) front (head, first) length (count, size) empty exceptions NoItemException NoSpaceException
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.4 Queue ADT Contiguous Implementation based on variable-sized array two indices: front & rear add at rear, remove at front queue moves towards rear repositioning on delete: O(n) circular array at end of array reuse front index modulo array size
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.5 Queue ADT. implementation instance variables count constructors empty state methods enter overflow increment leave, front underflow length, empty compute? empty vs full
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.6 Queue ADT Linked Implementation sequentially-linked structure of items deletion from front insertion at end keep pointer to rear O(1) length? keep count else O(n) comparison with contiguous all operations O(1) space tradeoffs
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.7
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.10 Queue Example Input: 1 2 3 4 5Output: 1 2 3 4 5 12345
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.11 Process Queue
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.12 Circular Queue 123...N123...N Front Rear N-1 0 1
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.13 Queue ADT Interface package Collections; public interface Queue { public void enter ( E item ); public E leave ( ); public E front ( ); public boolean empty ( ); public int length ( ); }// Queue Part of the Collections Package Formal type definitionAccept an item of type E Both return an item of type E, much like Pop and Top do for a Stack.
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.14 Array Queue package Collections; public class ConQueue implements Queue, Serializable { private E[]items;// the items of the queue private intfront;// index of the front item private intrear;// index of next available element private intcount;// number of items in queue public ConQueue ( ) { this(100); };// constructor public ConQueue ( int size ) { items = (E[]) new Object[size]; front = 0; rear = 0; count = 0; };// constructor public void enter ( E item ) { if ( count >= items.length ) { throw new NoSpaceException(); } else { items[rear] = item; rear = (rear + 1) % items.length; count = count + 1; }; };// enter Constructor creates the array and initializes front, rear and count Check for overflow, is count >= to the capacity of the array Add the item into the array indexed by rear Perform modular addition to increment rear index. We have added 1 item, so increment count. Instance variables, items is an array of E data types ConQueue implements an interface call Queue of the same type
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.15 Array Queue. public E leave ( ) { Ei;// item removed if ( count <= 0 ) { throw new NoItemException(); } else { i = items[front]; items[front] = null; front = (front + 1) % items.length; count = count - 1; return i; }; };// leave public E front ( ) { if ( count <= 0 ) { throw new NoItemException(); } else { return items[front]; }; };// front public boolean empty ( ) { return count <= 0; };// empty public int length ( ) { return count; };// length }// ConQueue Check for underflow, is count 0 Extract the item Set pointer to null so garbage collection will reclaim the memory. Modular addition to increment front. Removed a item so reduce count. Return the extracted item Return the front item if it exists. Leave it in the queue. If count is 0 then it is empty. How many items are in the queue
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COSC 1P03 Data Structures and Abstraction 9.16 The End
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