3. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

4. Objectives
Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location
Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire
Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire
Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

5. Setting the stage The Western Roman Empire crumbled
For 1000 years after the collapse of the west the east would carry on the glory of Rome
The east would remain and become:
The Byzantine Empire

7. Byzantine Stations Explain Stations Tomorrow Start 1st station
Finish Stations
Go over Rome Test

8. Bell Work
Station Quiz
Get out station notes

9. Objectives
Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location
Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire
Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire
Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

10. Why the East? Geography Better for defense Good location for trade
Bosporus Strait
Major trade routes b/w Asia & Europe meet
Control these gateways= control the shipping
Asia
Europe

11. Emperor Justinian

12. Reign of Justinian 3 goals of Justinian Re-conquer Roman lands
Simplify the laws
Glorify Constantinople

13. Reconquering Roman Lands
Wanted to regain Rome’s glory
Created huge Christian empire
Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled
After his death the lands were taken back

14. Simplifying the laws Justinian: group of scholars to organize the laws
If laws contradicted each other, which do we follow?
“Code of Justinian”
Decided legal questions in all areas
Marriage, property, justice, etc.
basis of law in the Eastern Roman empire for 900 years

15. Building Program: Glorifying Constantinople
Larger building program than any other Emperor
Walls for protection
Marketplace for trade
Courts, schools, hospitals

16. Hagia Sophia
                   
Crowning glory of Justinian’s reign

20. Hippodrome Hippodrome – like Rome’s Coliseum for main events
where gladiator fights & chariot races were held

22. Legacy of the Byzantine Empire
Modern world owes the Byzantines a huge debt?
They preserved Greek and Roman culture
Greco-Roman culture
HOW?
Valued education & Classical Learning
Greek and Roman
Grammar
Literature
Philosophy
Studied Homer
Geometry from Euclid
History from Herodotus
Medicine from Galen

23. The End of the Byzantine Empire
Plague strikes the empire
1453: Byzantine empire drew to a close
Muslim Ottoman Empire forces, conquered Constantinople.

24. The Great Schism What is it? East West
separation b/w 2 great branches of Christianity
East
Eastern Orthodox Church
West
Roman Catholic

25. The Church Divides The Western & Eastern Empires develop differently
Due to lack of contact
Differences grew
East was more oriented towards Asia and Northeastern Europe
Differences
Language
Marriage of priests
Leader
Icons

26. Differences Language Marriage East – Greek West – Latin
East – allowed priests to marry
West – not allowed

27. Differences - Leader East: Constantinople West: Rome
church was headed by the Patriarch
spiritual leader
Patriarch was an equal to the political leaders
West: Rome
church was headed by the Pope
Spiritual leader
control over the political leaders
Compare and contrast the leaders in 1-2 sentences:
Both are leaders of their church. Pope in Rome also had control over the political leaders.

28. Differences - Icons East West
Icons – small art objects that depict a holy figure
East
West
felt that these icons represented the sacred
important part of their worship.
Opponents to icons felt that they violated the ten commandments
In A.D. 726 Emperor Leo III ordered that all icons be destroyed.

29. End Result: The Split A.D. 1054 the division of the church
the two churches were functioning as separate organizations.
A conflict about the ICONS was the last straw.
The Pope and leaders in the East excommunicated each other
Both churches claimed to have the authority of God behind them
The church in the West became the Holy Roman Catholic Church
The East became the Eastern Orthodox Church.

30. To Do
Reading: Secret History
Answer questions

31. Bell Work
Secret History
Go over answers

32. To Do Video: Justinian Justinian’s Head
Ancient Rome Volume IV (start 27 minutes in)
Justinian’s Head
Finish for Homework

33. Bell Work
Read: Pope Urban’s speech
Answer the questions

34. The Crusades

35. Objectives
List and evaluate the causes and consequences of the Crusades
Papal power, connections between east and west

36. What were they? What are the Crusades? Pope Urban II
Holy War
Pope Urban II
responded to the request of Alexius I to take back the holy land from the Muslims
called for crusades against infidels
Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews
Goal:
To regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims

37. Pope’s Goal Reunite the Byzantine & Roman Christians
Wanted to be the head of all Christians
Reclaim Palestine (Holy Land)
leader of all of Christendom

38. Knight’s Goal forgiveness of sins Win glory in battle
Hero
adventure
Position in society
land
riches

39. Merchant’s Goal Wanted to control trade routes b/w Asia & Europe
Make money off the crusaders
Loans to fund crusades
Charge for travel & suplies

40. To Do
Crusades Reading
Fill out 5 W’s and How

41. Bell Work
Pair Share Crusades worksheet

42. The 1st Crusade Crusaders were well prepared for war
Unprepared for what?
the desert (to Jerusalem)
For 2 years they suffered, but they were lucky
Muslims were fighting among themselves
Outcome
Finally captured Jerusalem
Slaughtered the Muslims
1120’s, Muslims began to strike back which led to another Crusade

43. The 2nd Crusade 2nd Crusade was a total failure
1187, Jerusalem fell to Saladin
Sultan of Egypt & Syria
3 important rulers then agreed to begin a third Crusade

44. The 3rd Crusade Called: The Kings’ Crusade Outcome
(3 kings at the start)
French King Philip Augustus
Caught a fever and went home
German Emperor Fredrick I (Barbarossa)
Fell from his horse in a river and drowned
English King Richard (the Lionheart)
Only one that continued
Found Saladin, Muslim ruler, to be chivalrous
Outcome
Agreed to a 3 year truce
Richard I negotiated a settlement with Saladin
Muslims controlled Jerusalem, but Christians could visit

45. The 6th Crusade Most successful of the later crusades
Fredrick II met with Saladin’s nephew
Negotiated a treaty
The pope was not pleased
Said it was a pact with the devil
Excommunicated Fredrick
The Holy Land fell to the Muslims

46. Effects of the Crusades
Who sent all of the knights on the Crusades?
What was the goal of the crusades?
Were the Crusades successful?
Who looks bad?
What does this mean?
Decline in Pope’s power

47. Effects of the Crusades
What was the goal of the crusades?
Who did the crusaders have to kill?
Why did they kill the Muslims? For how long?
What is this going to lead to?
Increase in religious intolerance

48. Effects of the Crusades
Where did the European crusaders travel to during the crusades?
Who lived in this area?
What would be different in this area than in Europe?
What would happen then when these people went back to Europe?
What does this mean?
Increase in trade

49. Effects of the Crusades
In the first crusades what town did all of the knights go through?
We talked about the main contribution of this empire, what was it?
What would be effect of thousands of people going through a city were everything is a copy of Rome?
Revival of Greek and Roman ideas

50. To Do In Class: Homework: Test Tuesday Crusades Video
Review for Review Day - Monday
Test Tuesday