1. Salmonid Natural History Species and History

2. Salmonid Species and History O The family Salmonidae consists of a variety of salmon and trout species in several phylogenetic branches. O The Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, and cutthroat Trout are all in the genus Oncorhynchus.

3. Relationships the Salmonids From Smith and Stearly 1989 graylings Salmonidae taimen lenoks Atlantic salmon Brachymystax Hucho Thymallu s brown trout Salmo Onchoryhnchus rainbow trout cutthroat trout Pacific salmon Adriatic trout Salvelinus Arctic char Dolly Varden bull trout Pacific Salmon chars bold represents fish of the Pacific Northwest

4. Relationships within Oncorhynchus Consensus tree; Conservation Biology, Volume 8, No. 3, Sept 1994 Mexican golden trout Oncorhyhchus rainbow trout Pacific salmon Apache trout Gila trout cutthroat trout clarki gilae gilae apache gilae Golden trout Rainbow trout mykiss chrysogaster irideus aguabonita Masu Chinook Coho Sockeye Pink Chum masou tsawytscha kisutch keta gorbuscha nerka mykiss

5. Pacific Salmon Relationships

6. Colonization by Pacific Salmon

7. Glacial Lake Elwha Salmon Colonization of the Elwha river watershed

8. After the Ice But, as the glaciers receeded and the lake drained, new land was exposed and forests began to reclaim the valleys. While ice filled the strait, salmon and other fish could not migrate into the Elwha Valley.

9. California golden trout Columbia redband trout Coastal Rainbow trout Rio Yaqui trout chrysogaster Mayo trout irideus gairdnerii aguabonita newberrii Great Basin redband trout Beardslee trout nelsoni San Pedro Mártir trout irideus f. beardsleei Little Kern River golden trout f. whitei Mykiss Rainbow trout Golden trout Mexican golden trout Rio Piaxtla trout Rio San Lorenzo trout Relationships of the Rainbow trout (mykiss)

10. Rainbow Trout Colonization and Evolution

11. Trout of Mexico

12. Relationships of the Cutthroat trout (clarki) cutthroat trout Westslope Lahotan Coastal Bonneville Rio Grande Yellowstone Colorado River Greenback Paiute Alvord Crescenti Clarki clarki f. crescentii alvordensis seleniris henshawi lewisi Lower Snake river spp. utah bouvieri Upper Snake river spp. pleuriticus stomias virginalis macdonald Yellowfin Bold indicates major subspecies, non-bold is a minor subspecies, talics indicates now extinct, small font indicates not likely a true subspecies, but rather a form

13. Cutthroat Trout Colonization and Evolution

14. How do fish cross mountain ranges? As the climate warms, trout can survive in the lower rivers

15. Beardslee and Crescenti Cutthroat Trout in Lake Crescent

16. Seasonal Runs

17. Oncohynchus Rainbow Pacific Salmon Cutthroat trout

19. This project was made possible in part by a grant from Washington’s National Park Fund.