1. THE GROWTH OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

2. Motivations for Colonization
Jamestown
Economic prosperity
Single men hoped to make fortunes in Virginia and return to England
Previous explorers brought home tales of vast amounts of gold and other valuable resources
English patriotism
Adventurers wanted to stake English claim to prevent Spanish from taking over all of North America

3. Motivations for Colonization
Plymouth
Religious freedom
Puritans (Separatists) persecuted for rebelling against Church of England
Felt church had not completed the work of the Reformation – was too close to Roman Catholosism

4. Founding of Colony Jamestown 1607
Funded by London Company, a private enterprise
Granted charter by King James, but no funding
Company recruited people by promising that gold could be found by anyone who made the trip
King predetermined government of colony

5. Founding of Colony Plymouth 1620 Received funding from London Company
Treasurer of London C. was friends with one of the settlers
Separatists granted land in Virginia, but chose instead to settle in Plymouth – Some say this was a navigation mistake, however most historians feel this was on purpose
Signed Mayflower Compact to appease non-Separatists on board who were rumored to be uneasy about settling somewhere other than specified land grant

6. Initial Difficulties Jamestown Laziness of colonists
Did not expect to do manual labor
Depended on natives for food
Disease and starvation killed 80% of the colonists in the first year
Failed attempts to befriend Indians let to multiple skirmishes

7. Initial Difficulties Plymouth
Mayflower landed on December 21, many Pilgrims (name given to them MUCH later) died in harsh first winter
Attempts at agriculture initially failed

8. Factors Contributing to Success
Jamestown
Captain John Smith took control of government
instituted "no work, no eat" policy
firm leadership helped colony survive first few difficult years
ability to grow tobacco made land valuable
population grew as a result

9. Factors Contributing to Success
Plymouth
Strength of Mayflower Compact – this is more of a myth. The REAL fruit of their success was the fact that most of the natives had died from disease from early contact and colonists moved into already cleared land!
able leaders like William Bradford and Miles Standish
English-speaking Squanto, a survivor from previous explorations, taught Pilgrims to grow corn

10. Factors Contributing to Success
Plymouth
this cooperation led to the first Thanksgiving symbolized friendly relations between Pilgrims and Indians – Another myth. “Thanksgiving” is basically fall harvest festival and the natives had a tradition of this. The “pilgrims” were invited to eat with the Indians, not the other way around. Ask me where our Thanksgiving holiday actually derived from. Extra credit if you already know!
How many of you participated in a Thanksgiving play in elementary school? None of that actually happened!! Do you feel lied to?

13. THE AMERICAN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES
Region
Geography
Government & Economy
Religion & Society
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Coastal areas with good harbors.
Inland areas with dense forests.
Poor rocky soil & short growing season.
Small farms. Lumber mills.
Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished.
Cities developed along coast.
Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans)
Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade.
Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor.
MIDDLE COLONIES
Fertile soil and long growing season.
Rivers ran into backcountry.
Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop.
Cities on coast.
Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business.
Most farmers produced a small surplus.
Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages.
Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Favorable climate and soil for agriculture.
Wide rivers made cities unnecessary.
Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops.
Wealthy elite controlled most land.
Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves.
Religion: Anglican

14. Colonies Grow and Develop Differently
There are 13 colonies.
They are along the Atlantic coast.
They were divided into three groups
New England
Middle
Southern
The ways of life were different.

15. Ways of Life
Climate differed
Government & Economy
Religion & Society

16. The New England Colonies
The Puritans and the Pilgrims united and formed the colony of Massachusetts
The colony of Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker
Tomas Hooker was a Puritan minister. He believed that the leaders where becoming to powerful in Massachusetts.
Rhode Island was found by Roger Williams

18. Life in Colonial England
Most New Englanders were:
Farmers
Trade
Sailing and by the sea
They used ships called schooners were used to catch cod
They also were known for whaling
They used the whales for oil
Boston was the largest city in the New England colonies.

19. Life in Colonial New England
Schooling was very important to New Englanders.
They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the Bible.
Massachusetts past a law about public education in 1647.
The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school.

22. The Middle Colonies
The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had settlers from all different countries:
Europe
Germany
Holland
Sweden
Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River.
The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam.
New Amsterdam then became New York when it was attacked by the English.
The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and called it New Jersey.

23. The Middle Colony Of Pennsylvania
William Penn a Quaker discovered Pennsylvania.
The Quakers had limited rights.
They did not belong to the Church of England.
They were peace loving people.
They believed in NO WAR.
Penn was given land by King Charles II and Penn said this land would be used as a “FREE COLONY”.

24. The Middle Colony Of Pennsylvania
Founded in 1682 by Penn
Became a special place of freedom
People earned a trial by jury
All people had the same rights in Pennsylvania

25. Life in the Middle Colonies
People lived on large farms far apart from each other.
Families home schooled their children.
The farms produced grains such as corn and wheat.
They were known as the “Breadbasket of America”.
Beaver fur was common for trade.

27. The Southern Colonies Lord Baltimore founded the colony of Maryland.
Maryland was the first colony to pass a law granting religious freedom.
It was called the Act of Toleration
Georgia was not a colony of religious freedom.
Georgia was used as a refuge for prisoners.
The prisoners were poor people who could not afford to pay their debt.
Georgia then became a colony where people could work of their debt and gain a new start.

28. The Southern Colonies
The Carolinas were discovered and divided in the North and South because of large settlement populations.
They came for religious freedom
They came for a chance to prosper.

29. Farms and Plantations in the Southern Colonies
The farms produced large plantations of rice, indigo and tobacco.
The big plantations were started along rivers on the coast.