1. 1 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition. 13 T H I R T E E N Ensuring Health and Safety at the Workplace C H A P T E R

2. 2 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition

3. 3 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Assumption of Risk An obsolete attitude toward accident prevention where the worker accepted all the customary risks and unsafe practices

4. 4 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Recognizing Hazards Hazard – anything that can hurt you or make you ill Assessing hazards by learning 4 types Physical hazard: electricity, machinery parts, ladders, liquids on the floor.

5. 5 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Recognizing Hazards (cont.) Biological hazards: blood, body fluids, plants, fungi, insect bites, bacteria, viruses, animal droppings.

6. 6 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Recognizing Hazards (cont.) Chemical hazards: cleaning products, paint, acid, welding fume, flammable materials, gas. Ergonomic hazards: poor lighting, constant lifting, repeating the same movements over and over, poor workstation and chair.

7. 7 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Safety in the Workplace Models Early approach to safety in the workplace assuming accidents were due to workers’ carelessness Careless Worker An approach to workplace safety that relies on the cooperation of the employer and employees Shared Responsibility

8. 8 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Health & Safety in the Workplace Growing emphasis on health and safety in the workplace –Strong union pressure –Increased public interest in greater corporate responsibility Better and more comprehensive federal and provincial legislation and health and safety measures

9. 9 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Workplace Injuries Workplace accidents and occupational- related illnesses cost about $5 billion in direct compensation (more than $10 billion including indirect expenses) annually Work accidents are caused by a combination of unsafe employee behaviour and unsafe working conditions

10. 10 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Health Hazards Physicalagents Exposure to physicalelements eg. noise Biologicalagents Exposure to naturalorganisms eg. viruses Chemicalagents Exposure to chemicals or other toxic substances Ergonomicallyrelated Caused by the work environment eg. repetitive strain

11. 11 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Younger Workers Growing emphasis on the health and safety of young workers 1 in 7 young workers is injured on the job One-fourth of all workplace injuries involve workers aged 15-29

12. 12 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Federal and Provincial Regulations Each province and the Federal jurisdiction have detailed legislation addressing health and safety 3 Fundamental Employee Rights –The right to know about workplace hazards –The right to participate in correcting hazards –The right to refuse dangerous work

13. 13 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Joint OHS Committee Key element of health and safety laws Broad range of responsibilities: –e.g. investigate & resolve complaints, monitor health & safety programs, etc. Usually required in every workplace with 20 or more employees

14. 14 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition

15. 15 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Federal Laws Hazardous Products Act (1985) –Protects consumers by regulating the sale of dangerous products Workplace Hazardous Material Information System - WHMIS (1988) –Requires labels on all hazardous products –Requires use of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Safety Enforcement

16. 16 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Responsibility for Health & Safety Responsibility for Health and Safety TopManagement Supervisors Employees

17. 17 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Implications for HRM Consistent reinforcement & due diligence –Ensure consistent enforcement of all safety and health rules and all reasonable steps were taken to avoid a particular health and safety offence Healthy and Safety Audit Safety Climate –Commitment to safety –HRM practices –Local work group support & processes

18. 18 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition

19. 19 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Workplace Stress Workplace stress –Harmful physical and emotional responses Stress management –Ways of dealing with the problem of stress Conference Board of Canada –Estimated financial cost associated with stress in the Canadian workplace exceeds $12 billion per year

20. 20 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Symptoms of Stress Symptoms of Stress Nervousness, chronic worry Easily provoked to anger Depression, burnout Physical ailments Cardiovascular disease Injuries, suicide, cancer, ulcers

21. 21 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition

22. 22 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Major Causes of Workplace Stress Role in the organization Career development Role conflict/role ambiguity, level of responsibility Under or over-promotion, job security, career development opportunities, job satisfaction Factors unique to job Workload, work pace, autonomy, shift work, physical environment, isolation more

23. 23 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Major Causes of Workplace Stress Organizational climate Level of participation in decision- making, management style, communication patterns Relationships at work Supervisors/co-workers and/or subordinates, threat of violence or harassment

24. 24 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition BurnoutBurnout Burnout –Condition of mental, emotional, and sometimes physical exhaustion that results form substantial and prolonged stress –Body is at work but mind is at home HR Role: Human Resource department needs to be proactive –Help employees prevent burnout before it occurs –Other preventative strategies e.g. job redesign

25. 25 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Stress and Job performance Stress can be either helpful or harmful No stress-----No Job challenges----performance tends to be low Stress increases---performance tends increases Stress becomes too great-----performance begins to decline An employee loses the ability to cope and unable to make decisions

26. 26 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Stress Management There are several solutions to manage workplace stress: Curative measures –Try to correct the outcome of stress e.g. yoga, exercise program, counselling services Preventive measures –Attempts to change the causes of stress e.g. stress management training sessions, improving working conditions

27. 27 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Stress Management (cont.) Stress audit –Identifies the causes of stress. »Is job satisfaction low? »Do interpersonal relations contribute to the symptoms described? »Do career development variables contribute to the symptoms described?

28. 28 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition HR Actions to Reduce Stress Human Resource Actions to Reduce Stress Establishpolicy Job design Providetraining Workschedules Define roles Participate in decisions Improvecommunication Compatibleworkload

29. 29 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Fitness & Employee Wellness Improve employee health Decrease health-care costs Improve employee satisfaction Decrease absenteeism and turnover Improve corporate image

30. 30 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Other Contemporary Safety Issues Workplace Security - evacuation of building Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) – caused by major combustion (very strong) pollutants such as malfunctioning heating system, pesticides, etc. Workplace Violence – to prevent incidents of workplace violence ….. anti-violence policy, zero-tolerance policy, self-defense training, safety-security measures.

31. 31 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Other Contemporary Safety Issues (cont.) Ergonomics – proactive employers provide safe work environment and maintain employee privacy concerns.

32. 32 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition Other Contemporary Safety Issues (cont.) AIDS –policy regarding HIV- infected employee –mandatory training for managers, supervisors and union leaders –education programs for all employees –counseling and support

33. 33 Copyright © 2007 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson. All rights reserved.Schwind 8th Canadian Edition. 13 T H I R T E E N Ensuring Health and Safety at the Workplace C H A P T E R