1. 35 Multiple Choice Questions 2 Short Answer Questions
U.S. History Unit 1 Review
35 Multiple Choice Questions
2 Short Answer Questions

2. Declaration of Independence
This was (essentially) our break up letter with England.
Thomas Jefferson was the Primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
Below you can read the first 2 paragraphs… Unalienable Rights = Important
IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

3. 7 Principles of the Constitution + Amendments
FLIPRoCS
Federalism: Powers of government are divided between national (federal)
& state (local) governments
Limited Government: Powers of federal government are limited to those
specifically provided in the Constitution
Individual Rights: Rights you are born with. Rights that cannot be taken away
Popular Sovereignty: The people hold supreme power
Republicanism: A democratic government of representatives elected by the
people (we exercise republicanism by VOTING)
Checks and Balances: Each branch has a way to “check” the other branch
Separation of Power: Power of Federal government is divided between branches (Legislative, Judicial, Executive)
Amendments: Constitution can be amended to adjust with changing times

4. The Constitution
The Supreme Law of the Land
Living Document
To originally ratify the constitution it took 9 of the 13 states to agree to it (3/4 of the states)
Only 27 Amendments have been added since it was signed
First 10 Amendments are collectively known as The Bill of Rights.

6. How Long Are They In Office?
House of Representatives: 2 Years
Number of Representatives is based on the population of their state
President: 4 Years
Commander in Chief
First President: George Washington
Max of 10 years
Senators: Years
2 Per State
100 total as of today

7. The Bill of Rights
Was added to the U.S. Constitution to protect our individual liberties
1st : Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press, The Right of Assembly, The Right to Petition
2nd : A well-regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state and for this reason people should have the right to bear arms.
3rd : Prohibits government from placing troops in people’s homes without their permission.
4th : Added to protect individuals from “unreasonable” search and seizures by government officials. If there is a reasonable expectation of privacy, a judge must sign a “search warrant.”
5th : A citizen cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without “due process of law.”
Must be indicted by a grand jury.
No Double Jeopardy
Cannot be forced to self-incriminate
Eminent Domain : Refers to the power of government over property in its territory. They can take your private property but it shall not be taken without just (or reasonable) compensation.

8. 6th : Guarantees a fair and impartial trial to all persons
6th : Guarantees a fair and impartial trial to all persons accused of a crime; they must be told of the charges against them; they have the right to a trial by jury; and the right to a lawyer.
7th : Right to a trial by jury in civil disputes.
8th : Cannot require unusually high bail. Bans a court from punishing someone in a cruel or unusual way.
9th : Just because the Constitution lists some specific rights does not mean that citizens do not also hold other rights.
10th : The federal government has only those powers specifically given to it in the Constitution. All other powers are reserved to the states or the people.

9. After the Civil War a group of amendments were passed.
13th : Abolished slavery
14th : Guaranteed all citizens “due process rights” and “equal protection” of the laws from state governments.
15th : Prohibited denying individuals their voting rights on the basis of race.
These amendments gave us stepping stones when we got to the Civil Rights Movement in our country!

10. Alexis de Tocqueville Egalitarianism: Society of equals
Populism: Participation of the “common” people in political life
Liberty: “Freedom” / Protection against tyrannical government
Individualism: Government does not direct individual activity in daily life
Laissez Faire: Government takes a “hands-off” approach

11. People To Know John Hancock: Benjamin Rush: John Peter Muhlenberg:
Signed the Declaration of Independence
President of the Continental Congress
Signature on the Declaration became a symbol of freedom in the colonies.
Benjamin Rush:
“Father of American Medicine”
Favored educating women and making a public university to train public servants
John Peter Muhlenberg:
Clergyman who recruited soldiers to fight against the British
Part of the “Black Regiment”
Rose to rank of general under George Washington

12. People To Know John Trumbull, Sr.: John Witherspoon: John Jay:
Colonial Governor who sided with the colonies
Friends with George Washington
John Witherspoon:
Signer of the Declaration of Independence
President of New Jersey College (Princeton)
John Jay:
Helped write the Federalist Papers
First Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Negotiated boundary treaty with England
Charles Carroll of Carrollton:
Signed the Declaration of Independence
One of the wealthiest men in the colonies
Catholic