1. Directions and Reference points Where?

2. Giving directions Real world orientation Reference points Noun- verb agreement Pro nominalization Classifiers Space organization Eye gaze

3. Real world orientation If you are giving directions to the nearest store from where you are: –Place yourself in real world space to where that place is –All directions should show a relationship to where you are and where you are going –All landmarks should be in real world orientation to each other.

4. Reference points You will need to create reference points along the way: –From the exiting door (reference point) to the street and show direction. –Establish another landmark (reference point) at the place you will make your next turn and so on.

5. Noun –verb agreement The noun - verb interaction must be consistent –If I have place the Fire Station on the right side of me, it should remain on the right side of me so that my action around that place makes sense to the “listener”

6. Pronominalization and CL: This refers to the use of multiple CL: to set up a scene. –There are 3 large garden beds laid out in a “U” shape, the rake is near the top left inside corner.

7. Space organization Directions can become complicated especially when you are making multiple turns. Maintain a mental map or model of the space you are explaining. Lay it out in your space and describe what is “represented” on it.

8. Eye gaze This keeps your “listener” connected to specific landmarks. –Example: If you are explaining you are at the corner of 34 th and Main, you might look up to indicate you see the street sign that says that. –In our last example of where the rake was located show your partner how eye gaze took you there.

9. Be clear… where you are starting from. –You may be starting from where you stand, or you may take them to a larger landmark near by. Example: I-5 South? (the “listener” affirms “yes” they understand) You continue with directions from there

10. Let’s try one together Safeway is 3 blocks North behind the fire station, on Main Street. –This is how I would describe how to get to Safeway. As the interpreter you will follow my directions. Try it

11. Variety of ways No 2 people will describe how to get some place the exact same way. That is true for English as well. We each have our own way of making sense of the world. One person may consider a different landmark other than the fire station as making more sense to indicate where Safeway is located. Or may take you down F St. instead of Main St.

12. Try these with partner, taking turns Where is the nearest water fountain? Where is the girls restroom? Where is the MIA room? Where is the Black Box? Where is the Fishbowl? Where is Bonnie’s office?

13. Try these with your partner How to get to dairy Queen How to get to Subway How to get to the ARCO How to get to Discovery MS How to get to I-5 North How to get to your house How to get to 7-eleven

14. Did you indeed use all of these? Real world orientation Reference points Noun- verb agreement Pro nominalization Classifiers Space organization Eye gaze –Dissect one of your examples and really identify where and how you used each of these.

15. Journal Debrief How do you feel about your ability to use many layers of linguistic elements in a single explanation? How do you feel about your ability to successfully relate where something is located? What seemed easy? What seemed difficult? What was the best advice given in this lesson?