2. Hazard Recognition and Risk Analysis

3. 2 Safety & Administration Fire Escape Route Gathering Place Room Hazards Restroom Locations Food Breaks Cell Phones & Pagers Materials

4. 3 Question… “What are we doing, that we have always done, that is no longer an acceptable risk?”

5. 4 Dedication This training is dedicated to all employees who have suffered disabling injuries and to the memory of employees who died in workplace injuries.

6. 5 Learning Objectives After completing this training you will be able to: Discuss personal risk tolerance, what influences our decisions and how to assess what is acceptable risk Identify safety and health hazard types associated with a given job task Apply risk reduction methods and equip you with a tool to analyze risk assessment to keep you safer

7. 6 Definitions Hazard Recognition – Recognizing a condition or behavior that can cause harm Risk Analysis – Analyzing the probability and severity of risk in order to reduce the chance that harm will occur

8. 7 Injuries: A Matter of Probabilities Wheel chocks not in place at rear wheels of trailer Lift truck is driven into truck trailer and trailer moves Driver jumps to the ground and sprains his ankle Driver jumps to the ground and breaks his leg Truck Trailer Moves, driver jumps to the ground and lift truck rolls over him 30,000 HAZARDS Unsafe Acts Unsafe Conditions 3,000 NEAR-MISSES OR FIRST AID 300 INJURIES REQUIRING MEDICAL ATTENTION 30 LOST-TIME INJURIES 1 FATAL

9. 8 Why is Risk Analysis and Reduction Important? What are some examples of occupational injuries and illnesses that you have seen? What were the impacts of those injuries On the employee? To his/her family? To his/her co-workers? To the business?

10. 9 Personal Risk Tolerance How do we decide what is risky? Let’s look at examples of activities and rate the risk level of each activity.

11. 10 11. Disagreeing with your spouse (or significant other ) What’s Your Personal Risk Tolerance?

12. 11 Factors That Influence Our Decisions Personal Factors Experience (Positive/negative) Knowledge/Skill Age Physical Ability Situational Factors Stress Rushing Control Organizational Factors Safety System Leadership Behaviors Peer Behaviors

13. 12 Personal Factors What personal beliefs would motivate someone do this?

14. 13 Safety Systems Are systems in place to encourage people to do the job with minimal risk? Leadership Behaviors Are at-risk, time-saving actions accepted? Peer Behaviors Do our co-workers encourage at risk behavior? Our Actions Are Driven By Organizational Beliefs

15. 14 Organizational Factors What is in the safety system that would allow this?

16. 15 The Social Environment & Cultural Resistance to Change “ Safety slows a job down ” PPE is uncomfortable I feel comfortable doing this and have done it this way a thousand times before

17. 16 Risk Perception We perceive risk differently Many factors influence our decision By understanding our risk tolerance and personal / organizational factors, we can prevent injuries

18. 17 Objective Reasoning vs. Personal Opinion Use the risk assessment matrix instead of relying on one person’s assessment of what is “risky”

19. 18 Accessing Acceptable Risk Probability Unlikely – not likely to occur Likely – may occur Very likely –near certain to occur Severity Marginal – Minor Injury or First Aid Critical – Injury or Lost Time Injury Catastrophic – Death or Permanent Disability

20. 19 Using the Risk Analysis tool to determine risk PROBABILITY Unlikely LikelyVery Likely Marginal 112 Critical 123 Catastrophic 233 SEVERITY The intersection of PROBABILITY and SEVERITY in the chart above equals the Risk Code. Risk Code 1 - Proceed with caution Risk Code 2 - Further evaluation/consultation should be considered. Risk Code 3 - STOP - Determine an alternative solution

21. 20 PROBABILITY Unlikely LikelyVery Likely Marginal 112 Critical 123 Catastrophic 233 SEVERITY The intersection of PROBABILITY and SEVERITY in the chart above equals the Risk Code. Risk Code 1 - Proceed with caution Risk Code 2 - Further evaluation/consultation should be considered. Risk Code 3 - STOP - Determine an alternative solution

22. 21 What Risk Code Would You Assign?

23. 22 Identifying Hazards Identify hazards before starting a task: What is involved in this task that can hurt me or my co- workers? How can I/we keep from being hurt while performing this task? Types of Hazards Unsafe conditions Unsafe acts (behaviors)

24. 23 Assessing the Risks Surroundings Work, equipment and tools Likelihood and extent of harm – what is the risk code?

25. 24 Developing a Safe Solution or Plan Can I eliminate the hazard? Can I minimize the risks? Do I need help? Is there a better time to do the work? Do others need to be informed? What specific PPE and tools are required? What lock out or permit is needed? Is there a JSA or reliable method/procedure I need to review?

26. 25 What is the Safe Solution? Decide if someone could be immediately injured. If it is an emergency (Risk Code greater than 1) Talk to your supervisor and reach agreement on how to get the issue fixed as quickly as possible. If it is NOT an emergency ….

27. 26 Not Sure of a Safe Process to Use? Work together to develop a safe solution If the risk is beyond “Marginal” in severity and “Likely” or “Unlikely” to occur I need to contact my supervisor and/or the safety department Share my concerns – discuss at post- outage meetings, team meetings, etc. Act safely Follow your solution/plan

28. 27 Let’s Try the Process! Form teams Select one of the six examples on the following slides View the picture and then… Identify the hazards Assess the risks Develop a safe solution or plan Report back to the group in 10 minutes

29. 28 Example 3

30. 29 Example 1

31. 30 Example 2

32. 31 Example 4

33. 32 Example 5

34. 33 Team Report Out What hazards did you identify? What risk assessment code did you identify for those hazards? What safe solutions or plans did you come up with?

35. 34 Review: Before and After Prior to performing a task yourself Recognize - What is involved in this job that can hurt me or my co-workers? Reduce - How can I/we keep from being hurt while doing this job? After performing a task ask each other What was your assessment of the situation? What risks you identified? What were the identified controls? What can be shared with others? Share learnings at post outage meetings, team meetings, etc. Participate in injury prevention activities on and off the job

36. 35 Injury Prevention Activities JSAs/Procedures Engineering/Design Training Housekeeping Inspections/Audits Safety meetings

37. 36 What About the Hazards You Can’t Control?

38. 37 What About the Workplace Processes that Have Specific Controls?

39. 38 Learning Objectives - How Did We Do? After completing this training you will be able to: þ Discuss personal risk tolerance, what influences our decisions and how to assess what is acceptable risk þ Identify safety and health hazard types associated with a given job task þ Apply risk reduction methods to keep you safer

40. 39 Summary and Evaluation Ask for input Complete class evaluation