3. WORD CLASSES FORMS & FUNCTIONS & DESCRIPTIONS, but NOT definitions

4. the problem with definitions  COIK

5. problem with definitions  COIK clear only if known

6. Open Word Classes  Nouns  Verbs  Adjectives  Adverbs

7. Noun tests  can be marked by articles (a, the, an) and other determiners (such as numbers): ___ farmer(s) went to town. BUT don’t have to have determiners. Girls just want to have fun. AND may have adjectives in between: My stupid dad smokes pot.

8. Types of nouns  abstract (e.g., friendliness, childhood, chastity) & concrete (e.g.,)dog, mother, tree…  Count (e.g., cat) & non-count (e.g., mankind, purity)  Collective (e.g., class, team, faculty, committee, army)

9. Types of nouns, cont’d  Proper (e.g., Jane, Grand Canyon, Main Street) & common (e.g., girl, canyon, street)

10. Verbs  can put an -ing on it...  test sentences: They want to _________. It is going to ________. Please ________ (it).

11. Grammar Joke of the Day  What did the noun say to the verb?  “Stop telling me what to do!”

12. Adjectives  describe a noun  have comparative and superlative forms ex. happy/happier/happiest  test sentence: The _ dog was very ___.  answer these questions: Which one? How many? Which kind? Whose?

13. Adverbs  Describe a verb... ex. He is already gone.  an adjective... ex. He is very happy.  or another adverb... ex. He is way too happy, if you ask me.

14. Adverbs  Answer these questions: When? Where? How? How often How much? To what degree? Why?

15. Adverbs  often end in “-ly” ex. Edward gingerly nuzzled Bella’s neck.  often are found next to or within the verb ex. He was really excited, but managed to restrain himself.

16. Adverbs vs. Adjectives  the moveability test: Generally, adverbs can move around in the sentence. Adverbs generally can move. Adverbs can generally move. Adverbs can move, generally. vs. Adjectives can’t be moved.

17. BUT…  Not just a matter of “forms”  Also a matter of “functions”… Ex: We had fried chicken for dinner. We chickened out. SO WHAT? You can only truly identify a word’s class within a given sentence.

19. How to Bartle Puzballs There are tork gooboos of puzballs, including laplies, mushos, and fushos. Even if you bartle the puzballs that tovo inny and onny of the pern, they do not grunto any lipples. In order to geemee a puzball that gruntos lipples, you should bartle the fusho who has rarckled the parshtootoos after her humply fluflu.