2. Subjuntivo contra Indicativo Español 4 Superior

3. Phrases importantes Cuando = when Tan pronto como = as soon as En cuanto = as soon as Después de que = after Hasta que = until Aunque = even though

4. Indicative or subjunctive depends on what is being expressed. Use indicative when the outcome of the action is CERTAIN. Use subjunctive when the outcome of the action is UNCERTAIN or after a COMMAND.

5. Ejemplo - Indicativo No dudo que quieren venir. –I don’t doubt that they want to come. Esperaron hasta que la fiesta terminó. –They waited until the party ended.

6. Ejemplo - Subjuntivo Te llamaré cuando vengan nuestros amigos. –I will call you when our friends come. Es dudoso que ellos puedan venir. –It’s doubtful that they can come.

7. Typical uses of tenses When 1 st clause is present or past, use INDICATIVE. –Certain! When 1 st clause is future or command, use SUBJUNCTIVE. –Uncertain!

8. Sequence of Tenses (for verbs that trigger subjunctive) 1 st clause2 nd clause PresentPresent subjunctive/Present perfect subjunctive Present perfectPresent subjunctive/Present perfect subjunctive PreteriteImperfect subjunctive/Past perfect subjunctive ImperfectImperfect subjunctive/Past perfect subjunctive Past perfectImperfect subjunctive/Past perfect subjunctive ConditionalImperfect subjunctive/Past perfect subjunctive FuturePresent subjunctive CommandsPresent subjunctive