1. BIOL 197L - Lab #6: PLANT MORPHOLOGY, GROWTH, MICROANATOMY, AND TRANSPORT

2. Identify:

3. Node

4. Identify:

5. Internode

6. Identify (the structure that develops into flowers and branches):

7. Axillary or lateral bud

8. Identify:

9. Petiole

10. Identify:

11. Blade

12. Identify: Structure Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?

13. Fibrous roots Monocots

14. Identify: Structure Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?

15. Taproot Eudicots

16. Identify: Structure Purpose

17. Root hairs Increased surface area for the uptake of water and nutrients

18. Identify: Structure Purpose

19. Identify:

20. Identify: Structure Purpose

21. Undifferentiated vascular traces

22. Identify: Structure Purpose

23. Axillary or lateral bud

24. Identify:

25. Leaf primordia

26. Identify:

27. Xylem

28. Identify:

29. Vascular tissue that is differentiating into vessel elements of the xylem

30. Plants are characterized by which type of growth?

31. Indeterminate growth

32. Stems that grow underground:

33. Rhizomes

34. Roots that grow aboveground

35. Adventitious roots

36. What are the four primary functions of roots?

37. (1) Anchorage of the plant in soil (2) Absorption of water and minerals from the soil (3) Conduction of water and minerals from the region of absorption to the base of the stem (4) Starch storage to varying degree

38. Identify:

39. Primary root

40. Identify:

41. Secondary root

42. Plants have three main tissue systems, what are they?

43. Dermal Ground Vascular

44. Identify:

45. Monocot root

46. Identify: Structure Purpose

47. Xylem Transportation of water and nutrients

48. Identify: What does it contain?

49. Stele, or vascular cylinder Contains the vascular tissues

50. The root is the only plant organ that has a vascular cylinder

51. Identify: Structure Purpose

52. Phloem Transportation of synthate

53. Identify: Structure Purpose

54. Pericycle: The outmost cell layer of the vascular cylinder, although not xylem or phloem. The pericycle is unique to roots. Gives rise to lateral roots

55. The vascular tissue system contains the:

56. Xylem Phloem

57. Identify:

58. Cortex

59. Identify:

60. Pith

61. Note that roots typically lack a central pith, but you will see examples of pith when you look at cross sections of stems.

62. Identify: Structure Purpose

63. Endodermis Contains the casparian strip that works to prevent water from exiting the roots

64. The ground tissues have many important roles in plants such as:

65. Support, storage, and photosynthesis

66. Identify: Structure Purpose

67. Epidermis Covered in a waxy cuticle Works to prevent water loss

68. In woody plants the epidermis is replaced by a tissue known as:

69. The periderm Which consists of:

70. The cork and cork cambium

71. The dermal tissue system forms which layer of cells?

72. Epidermis Endodermis

73. Identify: Cell type Properties and functions

74. Parenchyma Thin cell walls with large vacuoles The most common cell in plants Photosynthetis, storage of carbohydrates, support, and lateral transport Parenchyma cells make up the bulk of the cortex, pith, xylem, and phloem Alive when functioning

75. Identify: Cell type Properties and functions

76. Collenchyma Uneven thickening of cell walls Provide flexible support Alive when functioning

77. Identify: Cell type Properties and functions

78. Sclerenchyma Supportive cells Lignin Dead when functioning

79. Identify:

80. Stele or vascular cylinder

81. Identify:

82. Cortex

83. Identify:

84. Epidermis

85. Identify: Structure Purpose Monocot or Eudicot?

86. Xylem vessel Transportation of water and nutrients Dead when functioning Eudicot

87. Identify:

88. Phloem Transports photosynthetic synthate Living when functioning

89. Identify: Structure Purpose

90. Pericycle Gives rise to lateral roots The outmost layer of the vascular cylinder

91. Identify:

92. Endodermis Contains the casparian strip that forces water and nutrients out of the apoplast and into the symplast. The innermost layer of the cortex and it is unique to roots.

93. Identify:

94. Root cap

95. Identify the three regions of the root:

97. Region of cell division

98. Identify:

99. Region of elongation

100. Identify:

101. Region of maturation

102. Identify: Structure Monocot or Eudicot?

103. Monocot stem

104. Identify:

105. Vascular bundle

106. Identify:

107. Epidermis

108. Identify:

109. Parenchyma

110. Identify:

111. Vessel

112. Identify:

113. Phloem Sieve tube members and companion cells

114. Identify: Structure Monocot or Eudicot?

115. Eudicot stem

116. Identify:

117. Epidermis

118. Identify:

119. Cortex

120. Identify:

121. Pith

122. Identify:

123. Vascular bundle

124. Identify:

125. Fiber bundle cap

126. Identify: Gives rise to

127. Vascular cambium Secondary growth

128. Identify:

129. Xylem vessels

130. Identify:

131. Xylem tracheids

132. Identify:

133. Trichomes (leaf hairs) Stomata Guard cells Transpiration

134. Identify:

135. Mesophyll

136. Identify:

137. Upper epidermis

138. Identify:

139. Stomata

140. Identify:

141. Phloem

142. Identify:

143. Xylem

144. The layer below the stomata is the:

145. Substomatal chamber

147. The two types of lateral meristems are the:

148. Vascular cambium Cork cambium

149. Vascular cambium produces:

150. Secondary xylem towards the pith and secondary phloem towards the cortex

151. Secondary xylem is also known as:

152. Wood

153. The cork cambium and cork (dead at maturity) that is produced are known collectively as the:

154. Periderm It replaces the epidermis and cortex in stems and roorts with continual secondary growth; these new layers (secondary phloem and periderm) are known as:

155. Bark

156. Annual rings are made of secondary xylem, which make up the wood of the stem surrounding the pith. Each annual ring has several rows of spring wood, thin-walled, large-diameter cells that grew in the spring, and, outside of these, a few rows of summer wood, thick-walled, smaller- diameter cells that grew in the summer when water was less abundant.

157. Does this make sense? Spring = more available water = larger cells Summer = less available water = smaller cells Thus, you can distinguish spring wood and summer wood by thicker and thinner rings, respectively.

158. Which type of wood is this?

159. Spring wood

160. Which type of wood is this?

161. Summer wood

162. Identify:

163. Pith

164. Identify:

165. Lateral ray

166. Identify:

167. Annual ring

168. Identify:

169. Xylem vessels

170. Identify:

171. Vascular cambium

172. Identify:

173. Phloem

174. Identify:

175. Phloem ray

176. Identify:

177. Cork cambium

178. Identify:

179. Cork