1. Chapter 2 Sections 2-3 Pages 33-40
Essential Question:
How were the regions of Texas identified?

2. Objectives
Compare and contrast the different methods of showing scale.
Analyze map characteristics to determine the type of map projections.
Interpret information from different types of map projections.
Compare/contrast general-purpose and special-purpose maps.
Categorize maps as being either general-purpose or special-purpose.
Infer information about maps.

3. Making the Earth Fit on a Page
Maps are models of actual areas
Maps are drawn to scale
Scale: relationship between a distance on a map and the actual distance it represents
Example: 1 inch = 100 miles
Ways to show scale
Bar graph, written scale, fractional scale
(see page 34)

4. Cartographers Cartographer: a person who makes maps
Read Then and Now on page 35
Geradus Mercator (page 33)
How do cartographers fit a round surface onto a flat map?
By using map projections to eliminate distortions
See picture on page 35
Projection: the transfer of an image of a curved surface onto a flat surface
Plane (used for polar areas)
Cylinder (below the equator areas)
Cone (between polar and low-latitude areas)
Texas is best displayed using a cone projection

6. Cartography Video

7. Common Map Features Map title Scale Location Symbols Legend (Key)
Legend: an explanation of a map’s symbols and scale

8. Types of Maps General-Purpose Maps
Physical Maps: map that shows the natural features of an area
They show the topography: features of the earth’s surface and relationship to each other in terms of location and elevation
Example: mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes
Also called elevation maps
Use different colors to represent differences
Political Maps: map that shows boundaries in an area
Shows boundaries between counties, states, countries, etc
Also identify towns, cities, national parks, state capitals, etc
Physical-Political Maps: shows both topography and boundaries
Most classroom maps

9. Special-Purpose Maps Show info about a specific topic
Example: military maps, historical maps, city street maps, natural resource maps, etc