1. Simple Machines

2. What are the 6 simple machines? Inclined plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel & Axle Pulley

3. MACHINE Def: A device that allows you to do work in a way that is easier. Sent.: They have agreed to rely primarily on the use of the six simple machines to accomplish their mission.

4. MACHINE Sp: máquina Discuss in your group different machines.

5. HOW DOES A MACHINE MAKE WORK EASIER? Change the amount of force you exert Change the distance over which you exert your force. Change the direction in which you exert your force.

6. INPUT FORCE Def.: The force exerted on a machine Sent.: Machines such as the car jack, the ramp, the crow bar, and the claw hammer make work easier by making the output force greater than the input force. Sp.: fuerza aplicada

7. OUTPUT FORCE Def.: The force exerted on an object by a machine. Sent.: Machines such as the car jack, the ramp, the crow bar, and the claw hammer make work easier by making the output force greater than the input force. Sp.: fuerza desarrollada

9. INPUT WORK Def.: The work done on a machine as the input force acts through the input distance. Sent.: For such an ideal machine, the input work would equal the output work. Sp.: trabajo aportado

10. OUTPUT WORK Def.: The work done by a machine as the output force acts through the output distance. Sent.: For such an ideal machine, the input work would equal the output work. Sp.: trabajo producido

11. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE Def.: Number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it. Sent.: The mechanical advantage of a machine without friction is called the ideal mechanical advantage, or IMA. Sp.: ventaja mecánica

12. Mechanical Advantage = Output force ÷ Input force

13. If the machine increases force then the mechanical advantage will be greater than 1.

14. If the machine increases distance then the mechanical advantage will be less than 1.

15. If the machine changes the direction then the mechanical advantage will be 1.

16. Simple Machines

17. Inclined Plane

18. Def.: Flat, sloped surface Sent.: An inclined plane allows you to exert your input force over a longer distance. Sp.: plano inclinado Discuss with your table different types of ramps.

19. Inclined Plane How it works: increases the distance the input force has to go. IMA = length of incline ÷ height of incline

20. Direct Relationship Def.: When both variable either increase or decrease Sent.: Is the relationship direct or indirect? Sp.: relación directa

23. Indirect Relationship Def.: When one variable increases, the other decreases Sent.: Is the relationship direct or indirect? Sp.: relación indirecta

27. Wedge

28. Taper Def.: to become smaller or thinner toward one end.. Sent.: A wedge is a device that is thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge on the other end Sp.: disminución gradua What are different things that taper?

29. Wedge Def.: a device that is thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge on the other end. Sent.: That force pushes the wedge down into the wood. Sp.: cuña With your table make a list of at least 5 different wedges. Raise your hand when you have your list.

30. Wedge Two inclined planes back to back How it works: The wedge moves exerting an output force at a 90° angle IMA = length of wedge ÷ width of wedge

32. Screw

33. Thread Def.: a helical groove in a cylindrical hole ( female thread ), formed by a tap or lathe tool, or a helical ridge on a cylindrical bar, rod, shank, etc ( male thread ), formed by a die or lathe tool Kid def.: A twisting raised area around a cylinder or inside a round hole.

34. Thread Sent.: Record the effort force, the distance lifted and the thread density for 5 tests Sp.: tema Discussion: Is a screw with threads closer together have a higher or lower thread density?

35. Screw Def.: An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder creating spirals called threads. Sent.: Like a wedge, a screw is a simple machine that is related to the inclined plane. Sp.: tornillo Discussion: Are there different types of screws? If so, what are they?

36. Screw How it works: Threads increase the distance over which you exert input force. The output force pulls the screw into the material. Friction holds it in place. IMA = length around the threads ÷ length of screw

38. Levers

39. Lever Def: A rigid bar that is free to pivot (rotate.) Kid Def.: A stiff bar that can rotate freely Sent.: What are the advantages of using a lever to lift this stone? Sp.: palanca Disc.: What levers do you use every day?

40. Fulcrum Def.: The fixed point that a lever pivots around. Sent.: Predict fulcrum placements which will not be successful. Sp.: fulcro Disc.: What types of things can be a fulcrum?

41. 3 Types of Levers

42. 1st Class Lever How it works: Changes direction of input force If fulcrum is closer to output force, also increases force. If fulcrum is closer to input force, also increases distance. Calculating IMA:

43. 1st Class Lever Ex. paint can opener, scissors

44. 2nd Class Lever How it works: Increases force but doesn’t change direction. Calculating IMA:

45. 2nd Class Lever Ex.: Wheel barrow, doors, nutcrackers

46. 3rd Class Lever How it works: Increases distance but doesn’t change direction. Calculating IMA:

47. 3rd Class Lever Ex. Hockey stick, shovel, fishing pole

48. Wheel & Axle

49. Radius Def.: a straight line extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or surface Sent.: As the radius of the wheel increases, what happens to its circumference? Sp.: radio

50. Regulate Def.: To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law. Sent.: The crew's final task at this location is to construct a device to regulate the flow of water through the irrigation canals. Sp.: ajustar

51. Wheel & Axle Def.: Made of 2 circular/cylindrical objects fastened together that rotate around a common axis. Object with larger radius is wheel, and smaller radius is axle.

52. Wheel & Axle How it works: Increases your force by going a longer distance. Calculating IMA: IMA = radius of wheel ÷ radius of axle Ex.: door knob, car wheel & axle, steering wheel, windmill, water wheel

53. Wheel & Axle

54. Pulleys

55. Def.: A grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. Sent.: As the number of supporting ropes on the pulley increases, what happens to the length of rope that must be pulled to lift the stone into place? Sp.: polea Disc.: What pulleys have you seen?

56. Pulleys How it works: Pulling on rope (input force )causes an object to move up. It can decrease the amount of input force needed and it can change direction of input force. IMA = number of sections of rope that support object

57. Types of Pulleys Fixed – How it works: changes direction of the force Def.: Pulley is attached to an object IMA = 1

58. Types of Pulleys Movable – How it works: decreases amount of input force needed, doesn’t change direction Pulley isn’t attached IMA = 2

59. Types of Pulleys Block and Tackle – Def.: made of fixed and moveable pulleys How it works: Decreases amount of input force needed IMA = 3

60. Compound Machines Def.: A machine that utilizes two or more simple machines. IMA = product of the individual IMA of each simple machine that makes up compound machine.

61. Simple Machines in the Body At joints are levers - muscles are input force, and output force does the work Teeth are wedges