1. Beginning the world as we know it.

2.  Cracking – 213-220  Fast Track – 286-291, 303-304  Text – 599-618  Bonus- How did war invent the pencil? Text page 576

3.  Before the IR, there were 3 sources of power:  Muscle, wind, water  Each had + and - :  Muscle: works anywhere, but expensive and tires easily  Wind: free, but undependable  Water: constant output, but must be on a river  “If only we could combine the advantages and minimize the costs, think of how much work we could get done…”

5.  The first artificially powered engine  Could run 24hr/d  Useable anywhere  Needed a constant supply of fuel (usually coal)  Credited to James Watt, 1775  First used in mining, then textiles, transportation  Kicks off the Industrial Revolution  Biggest change for humans since the Agricultural Rev

9. 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914

10.  Social  People moving country to city, farm to factory  Rich richer, poor poorer  Expanded middle class  Economic  Production moves from small shops to factories  More products at lower prices  Environmental  Increased mining, deforestation, air pollution (new)  Technological  Automated machines, rapid transportation and communication

12. Factory Production ) Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. ) Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. ) Owning requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc]

13. Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

14. The Factory System × Rigid schedule, 12-14 hour day. × Dangerous conditions. × Mind-numbing monotony.

15. Textile Factory Workers in England

16. Industrialization By 1850

17. The Impact of the Railroad

19. World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900