1. PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICEBy
Purwaningsih

2. Definition of Nursing
Nurses’ unique function is to help individuals, both sick and well, perform activities that contribute to their health or recovery (or facilitate a peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, and to accomplish this function in such a way as to help individuals gain independence.
V. Henderson, 1960

3. ANA Definition of Nursing
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering though the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations.
ANA, 2003

4. Characteristics of a Profession
Requires an extended education of its members
Has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to skills, abilities and norms- Based on a scientific foundation
Provides a specific service
Maintains autonomy in decision making and practice
Has a code of ethics

5. Foundation of Nursing Theories of nursing Scientific knowledge
Relevance to basic social values
Professional autonomy
A sense of commitment
A sense of community
A code of ethics

6. Characteristics of Expert Clinical Practice
Application of knowledge and clinical expertise
Expertise to interpret clinical situations and make complex decisions
Critical thinking is essential and on going
Life long learning is essential due to the continuing changes in nursing knowledge
Experts practice evidence based nursing care.

7. Scope & Standards of Practice
Standards of Professional Performance
Code of Ethics

8. Professional Nursing Practice
Nurse Practice Acts
Licensure and Certification
Science and Art of Nursing practice

9. Education Associates Degree 3-4 years Baccalaureate Degree 5-6 years
Masters Degree 1-2 years
Nursing Education
Nurse Practitioner
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Nurse Anesthetist
Nurse Midwife
Nursing Administration
PhD/ DNS/EdD 4-8 years

10. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
Quality of practice
Professional Practice Evaluation
Education
Collegiality
Ethics
Collaboration
Research
Resource Utilization
Leadership

11. Nursing Today Registered Nurse Licensed Practical Nurse
Nurse Practitioner
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Nurse Midwife

12. Current Trends & Issues in Healthcare
Excess number of nurses
The quality of nursing education
Patient Satisfaction
Managed Care
Transcultural Nursing
National Patient Safety Initiatives
Evidence-Based Practice
Information Age
Globalization of Health
Aging Population

13. Patient Satisfaction Press ganey surveys Good customer service
Patient Bill of Rights
Treat patients like family
Healthcare is a business

14. Managed Care Goal is to keep length of stay (LOS) down Capitation
Patients are discharged sooner
Patient acuity higher
Health Care Plans
Case manager work closely with physicians and insurance companies

15. Evidence Based Practice
Goal is to achieve cost-effective, high quality patient care based on scientific inquiry
Nurses need to understand research process involved
Nursing care should not be based on opinions, past practices, but on the results of scientific research
Clinical journals
Practice guidelines
Nursing research

16. Process of Knowledge Development

17. Globalization of Health
Healthcare has become a global issue
People are mobile, diseases can travel
Nurses need to have an understanding of the issues pertaining to global health

18. Practice Settings for Nurses
Hospital
Community Based Practice Settings

19. Hospital Based Nursing
Acute care is where largest group of nurses practice
Different Staffing Patterns
Skill Mix Changing
Increase in skilled nursing facilities due to aging population and increase in chronic disease

20. Community Based Nursing
Focus on health promotion, maintenance, education
Community Health Centers, Clinics
School Nursing
Occupational Health
Home Health
Physicians Office
Managed Care Organizations
Forensics Nursing

21. Nursing Roles Caregiver Clinical Decision Maker Client Advocate
Rehabilitator
Comforter
Communicator
Collaborator
Teacher

22. Professional Roles & Responsibilities
Autonomy & Accountability
Caregiver
Client Advocate
Educator
Manager/Clinical Decision Maker
Communicator
Collaborator
Career Development

23. Autonomy & Accountability
Autonomy is the essential element of professional nursing
Person is reasonably independent and self-governing in decision making & practice
Increased autonomy=Increased responsibility
Accountability- nurse is responsible professionally & legally for type & quality of care provided
Regulated through Standards of Practice and Nurse Practice Act

24. Clinical Decision Maker
Utilizes critical thinking skills and the nursing process
Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

25. Professional Accountability
Responsibility that one assumes for their practice
Obligation to report or account for their actions
To the profession, public, and themselves

26. Accountability Begins with preconditions
Responsibility
Authority
Ends in accountability
Alliance for Nursing Accreditation (ANA)

27. Client Advocate Nurse protects the clients human and legal rights
Providing information to assist in decision making
Patient Bill of Rights

28. Comforter Role Caring for client as a human being
Role is traditional to nursing
Care is directed to whole person, not just a body part
Demonstration of care and concern

29. Communicator Role Role is central to all other roles
Involves communication with client, family, healthcare team members, resource people, and the community
Without clear, concise communication it will be difficult to give effective care

30. Teacher/Educator Role
Explains concepts and facts about health, demonstrates procedures, reinforces learning, determines understanding, and evaluates progress of learning
Unplanned or informal education
Planned or formal education

31. Nursing Career Roles Clinician Nurse Educator Advanced Practice Nurse
Nurse Administrator
Nurse Researcher
Military Nurse
Forensic Nursing

32. Issues in Health Care Delivery
Rising health care costs
Evidence based practice
Nursing and biomedical research
Excess number of nurses

33. Advanced Nursing Roles
Nurse administrator/manager
Nurse education
Nurse practitioner
Nurse anesthetist
Nurse midwife
Nurse researcher

34. Professional Workforce in the 21st Century

35. Future Trends in Nursing
Expansion of nursing opportunities
Public perception of nursing
Nursing’s impact on politics and health policy

36. TERIMAKASIH