1. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Mestrado em Tradução e Serviços Linguísticos SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TRANSLATION ENGLISH - PORTUGUESE SPRING SEMESTER 2009 Tuesday 17:30-19:30 – Room 211 Teacher: Elena Zagar Galvão Webpage: web.letras.up.pt/egalvao

2. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Bibliografia Sager, Juan (1990). A Practical Course in Terminology. Scarpa, Federica (2001). La Traduzione Specializzata. Lingue Speciali e Mediazione Linguistica. Cabré, Teresa (1999) Terminology. Theory, Methdos and Applications.

3. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Língua de especialidade Conjunto de recursos de uma língua natural usado em situações de comunicação específica a um domínio do saber ou a uma esfera de actividade humana.

4. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Terminology The correct choice of terms is a prerequisite for clear and rigorous scientific discourse as it allows for an effective description and explanation of scientific and technological phenomena.

5. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Terminology has 3 meanings 1. Terminological activity 2. Theory (systematic study of terminologies) 3. List of terms used in a specific domain/in connection with a specific technical or scientific activity (nomenclature) (e.g., legal terminology, telecommunications terminology, etc.)

6. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Terminography (Alan Rey, 1995) Terminology studies the processes of conceptualization and denomination. Its practical application is called terminography, i.e., its connected professional activity (practice) is terminography, whose practical objective is the creation of a system of terms/references for the experts in a specific field of knowledge and for translators.

7. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Termo/Term Signo linguístico que corresponde a um conceito delimitável numa área de conhecimento Unidades de conhecimento especializado – unidades linguísticas (unidades lexicais, unidades fraseológicas) unidades não-linguísticas (símbolos, formulas, nomenclaturas)

8. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Term   Word Terms are the linguistic representations of concepts. Special languages strive to systematize principles of designation and to name concepts according to pre-specified rules or general principles.

9. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Synthetic / Analytic means of Term Formation (both common in EN) Analytic methods of designation – combine independent lexical units into larger units (e.g. compounding, collocations) Analytic methods of designation – combine independent lexical units into larger units (e.g. compounding, collocations) Synthetic methods – modify lexical items by means of affixes (e.g., -graphy, mono-, pre-, etc.) Synthetic methods – modify lexical items by means of affixes (e.g., -graphy, mono-, pre-, etc.)

10. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Modern terminology theory accepts that there can be some different linguistic representations of one concept depending on the communicative situation (Modern terminology has adopted a corpus- based approach to lexical data collection). Modern terminology theory accepts that there can be some different linguistic representations of one concept depending on the communicative situation (Modern terminology has adopted a corpus- based approach to lexical data collection). No longer prescriptive attitude of the past which associated 1 concept with only 1 term. No longer prescriptive attitude of the past which associated 1 concept with only 1 term.

11. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Patterns of term formation 3 major approaches: 1. Use of existing resources 2. Modification of existing resources 3. Creation of new linguistic entities (neologisms)

12. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Modification of existing resources Most common method. By means of: a) Derivation or affixation b) Compounding (combination of existing words into a new term) c) Conversion d) Compression

13. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Noun compounds A compound is a combination of two or more words into a new syntagmatic unit with a new meaning independent of the constituent parts. In terminology, this new entity represents a concept.

14. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Examples LANDFILL GAS (landfill=determiner; gas=nucleus) Nucleus (usu. the last element indicates the category to which the concept belongs) Determinant indicates the criterion for the subdivision of the category (e.g., landfill/natural/bio gas) CERVICAL (det) CANCER (nucleus)