1. vrije Universiteit amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) 1 Electricity market liberalisation and environment in the Netherlands Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1115 1081 HV Amsterdam http://www.vu.nl/ivm Frans Oosterhuis GRENELEM meeting Santiago de Chile, 10/11 September 2001

2. vrije Universiteit amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) 2 Outline  Some features of electricity supply in The Netherlands  The liberalisation process  Environmentally relevant impacts of liberalisation

3. vrije Universiteit amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) 3 Some features of electricity supply in The Netherlands  Low share of electricity in final energy use (but growing)  High share of natural gas and CHP in electricity production  (As yet) negligible role for renewables

4. vrije Universiteit amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) 4 The liberalisation process  Triggered by EU developments and tensions within the industry  Large users free since 1999  Completion aimed at in 2004  Unbundling established

5. vrije Universiteit amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) 5 Environmentally relevant impacts of liberalisation  No decrease in end user prices (also due to higher taxes)  Risk avoidance and short term orientation  No more “public tasks”  Product differentiation and consumer orientation  More international trade