1. Week 4

2.  No recognition of individuals according to racial criteria  Nationals ≠non-nationals  Remain foreign, become French

3.  Filiation = droit du sang  No droit du sol  French if one parent born in France = double droit du sol  Algeria: French if one parent born in Algeria before independence

4.  Foreign born children can become French if parents naturalized  Residency in France for more than 5 years  4 years of marriage

5.  2011: applicants justify assimilation into French community  Test of assimilation, sign charter

6. Days of Glory 2006

7.  Algeria and Morocco  De Gaulle: « les soldats de la plus Grande France »  L’Armée d’Afrique  Tirailleurs

8.  1944: 120,000 goumiers, tirailleurs, spahis arrive in Provence  Fought for France until victory in 1945  1947: Général Leclerc asked France to do its duty by these men

9.  1960 pensions and disability allowances frozen at 1959 level  10 times lower than in France

10.  2001 a former « tirailleur sénégalais » brought a case  « cristallisation des pensions »  Discrimination based on nationality  Conseil d’Etat upheld case

11.  Process to rectify situation started in 2003  2006 (Indigènes): Same purchasing power in respective countries  Not same amount in euros  Career solidiers: 7512 euros/year in France  643 euros/year in Morocco

12.  2010 Cour des comptes: automatic and integral alignment of all pensions, regardless of country of residence or nationality  Applied as of January 2011