1. One Hour Per Week in the Mother Tongue: Can It Make A Difference? Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

2. The Case of the Local Content in Schools Project in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Alice Eastwood SIL International Indonesia Thursday, November 7th 2013 4th International Conference on Language and Education, Bangkok, Thailand Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

3. Structure of this Presentation I.Location and Nature of the Project II.Quantitative Research III.Results of Research IV.Relevant Notes from Monitoring V.Conclusions Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

4. I. Location & Nature of the Project Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

5. t Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development Spelling systems (orthographies) 2008 Two Language Groups: 16 schools (3, 13)

6. Key Desired Outcome : Graduates regularly read and write in their local language, and feel proud of their local language heritage and culture Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

7. The Curriculum: Grades 2-6 Primer (Grade 2 only) + teacher’s guide 14 stories + teacher’s guide 1 x 70-minute period per week 28 weeks per academic year Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

8. How Far Have We Come? Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development Primary Grade 4 In schools since 2012 Primary Grade 3 In schools since 2011 Primary Grade 2 In schools since 2010 Primary Grade 6 Final Materials Creation Cycle in Progress Primary Grade 5 In schools since 2013 Over 700 children are now studying Moma/Tado

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10. II. Quantitative Research Question Addressed How much command of Moma syntax and Indonesian syntax do respondents have, how good is their reading comprehension, and is there a correlation between the two? Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

11. Respondents 7 schools 3 Indonesian & 3 Moma tests (X,Y,Z) Data from the following were excluded: 1.Children who are frequently absent 2.Grade V children who were only present for one of the tests, or for neither 3.Children with 2 parents originating outside Kulawi 4.Children who joined this school after Grade I (because they moved from elsewhere) Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

12. Number of Respondents Whose Data was Used Grade 5 = 81 respondents (Moma and Indonesian) Grade 6 = 59 respondents (Indonesian only) Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

13. Nature of the Test Part A - Subjective cloze test Part B - Reading comprehension All Indonesian & Moma texts were related to concepts familiar to the children (places in the region, local foods etc.) Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

14. No translated texts were used for the cloze section All texts were levelled for difficulty (to within 1 point’s difference) using Swedish LIX formula http://www.readabilityformulas.com/the-LIX-readability- formula.php http://www.readabilityformulas.com/the-LIX-readability- formula.php http://www.readabilityformulas.com/the-LIX-Acc Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

15. III. Results of Research Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

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18. Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development Gd V difference: 17.6% Gd VI difference: 27%

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24. IV. Relevant Notes from Monitoring Children’s vocabulary and fluency in the local languages are increasing Local terms which had been forgotten are once again in use There is increased use of the local language across all subjects, leading to better comprehension Impact on reading levels is not the primary impact Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

25. V. Conclusions Command of Moma syntax and reading comprehension in Moma among the respondents, although low, is not far behind Indonesian. If more hours were allocated to Local Curriculum, skills would probably increase rapidly. Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

26. Future Local Content curricula should include grammar and syntax, to bring about a corresponding improvement in reading comprehension. Schools should also develop children’s grasp of Indonesian syntax. Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development

27. Thank you for listening! Mitra dalam Pengembangan Berbasis Bahasa Partners in Language Based Development