1. Ontological analysis of the semantic types Anand Kumar MBBS, PhD IFOMIS, University of Saarland, Germany. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY

2. Biological Entity classification using Realism Biological Entity Biological Continuants Biological Occurants (processes, events, actions) Independent Biological Continuant (FMA: Material Anatomic Entity) Dependent Biological Continuant Dependent Anatomical Continuant (FMA: Immaterial Anatomical entity – point, space, surface, line) Dependent Physiological Continuant (function) Anatomic Structure (Organ system, Organ…) Body Substance

3. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Market: Producer/Service provider; Customer; Interest and motivation of customer; Resources Products: Goods and Services Need: Basic forces which drive customers to take action and engage in exchanges Difference between current state and desired state Market segmentation Niche products Competitors Market, product and service Want: Specific ways of satisfying a basic need

4. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Behavior: Social behavior, Individual behavior Molecular Biology Research Technique Biological function: Physiological function: Organism function, Organ or Tissue function, Cell function, Molecular function Pathologic function: Disease or syndrome, Experimental model of disease Events which are not events

5. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Spatial concept: Body slope or region, Body space or junction, Geographic area, Molecular sequence Conceptual entity: Organism attribute: Clinical atrribute Chemical: Chemical viewed structurally, Chemical viewed functionally Concepts which are not concepts Conceptual entity: Finding: Laboratory or test result, Sign or symptom

6. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Finding: Sign or symptom Should not be mixed into ontology per se Many, many semantic types can have parallel findings Epistemology within Ontology Finding vs. Disease or syndrome Obesity - BMI, Finding Hypertension – Systolic/Diastolic pressure, Finding

7. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Single child Plant:Algae Mammal: Human Occupation or discipline: Biomedical occupation or disease Manufactured object: Medical device Medical device: Drug delivery device Pharmacologic substance: Antibiotic Organism attribute: Clinical attribute Functional concept: Body system Research activity: Molecular biology research technique Organism function: Mental process Molecular function: Genetic function Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjoint

8. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Anatomic structure and organism: problem of granularity Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjoint Manufactured object: Medical device, Research device, Clinical drug Intellectual product: Regulation or law, classification Organization: Health Care related organization, Professional soceity, Self-help or relief organization Conceptual entity: Organism attribute, Finding, Idea or concept, Occupation of discipline, Organization, Group, Group attribute, Intellectual product, Language Laboratory Procedure, Diagnostic Procedure, Therapeutic or preventive procedure

9. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY UMLS took many of its SN classes from original sources Some sources given preference over other Sources and UMLS SN Medical Entities Dictionary - Chemical viewed functionally - Biologically active substance Read Code - Region as parent of anatomical entity UMLS SN influence on NCI Thesaurus Neoplasm by morphology: Mucinous neoplasm Neoplasm: Neoplasm by morphology Mucinous neoplasm semantic_type Neoplastic process Chain of responsibility UMLS influences new Thesaurus/Ontology

10. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Current market, Current product: Market penetration strategy Increase market share: Increase frequency of usage, Increase quantity used, New applications Growth strategy (Mullins, Walker and Boyd) Current market, New product: Product development strategy Product improvement, Product-line extension, New products New market, Current product: Market development strategy Geographic extension, Target new segments New market, New product: Diversification strategy Vertical integration, Concentric diversification, Conglomerate

11. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY Correct certain mistakes Suggestions Modularize, if needed (ICD10 vs. Snomed CT) Carefully evaluate the sources (Digital anatomist, now FMA) Commit much less if resources are untenable Enlighten Electronic Health Record standardizations (New NLM - HL7 contract, Snomed CT, LOINC) Follow shifting interests of current customers (EHRs, Bio) Do not cover mistakes of Semantic types by modifying relations between them Expand luxuriously if resources are present

12. Ontological analysis of the semantic types Anand Kumar MBBS, PhD IFOMIS, University of Saarland, Germany. BIOMEDICALONTOLOGYBIOMEDICALONTOLOGY