1. Crystallographic Orientation Zbigniew Radzimski

2. Crystal Structure Unit cell Silicon

3. 1.Mono (Single) crystalline silicon 2.Multi crystalline silicon (Grain size: ~ mm) 3.Poly crystalline silicon (Grain size: ~ µm) 4.Nano Crystalline silicon (Grain size: ~ nm) 5.Amorphous silicon (non crystalline) All these types of silicon may have the same chemical composition, however the first one are typically the cleanest. Same Silicon: Different Crystal Homogeneity 5 µm

4. Unit Cell in 3-D Structure: Coordinates

5. Crystal Orientation: Specific Directions: [100], [010] and [001] Unit Cell in 3-D Structure: Directions

6. Crystal Orientation: Typical Crystal Planes Z X Y {100} Z X Y {110} Z X Y {111} Unit Cell in 3-D Structure: Planes

7. From Poly to Single Crystal Seed with desired crystal orientation Ingot maintain seed orientation

8. Flat grind Diameter grind Preparing crystal ingot for grinding Ingot Shaping 1234 5678 90 Notch Possible variations: During crystal slicing During flat grinding or notching

9. Standard SEMI Flats

10. Ingot Shaping This is {100} plane in crystal This is {111} plane in crystal OROR …. In perfectly aligned crystal:

11. This is {100} plane in crystal Slice Orientation