1. T.A/Mohammad Al-Mermesh BSc. PGC of clinical pharmacy Nasal Preparations Sunday, May 09, 2010

2. Backgrounds Nasal preparations : contains adrenergic agents….decongestant activity on the nasal mucosa most preparations are in solution form (nose drops or sprays) few are available as jellies e.g. Ayr saline nasal mist Packaged in dropper bottles or plastic spray bottles usually 15- 30 ml of medications Patient should be counseled to discard the solution if it becomes discolored or contains precipitated matter

3. Nasal decongestant solutions are: 1.Aqueous 2.Isotonic to nasal fluids (0.9% NACL) 3.Buffered to maintain drug stability (5.5 pH normal for nasal fluids) 4.Preserved by antimicrobial preservative 5.Conc. Of adrenergic agents are quite low ranging 0.05%- 1.0% 6.Pediatric preparations have half strength of adult conc. 7.Intended for treatment of rhinitis of common cold, allergic rhinitis including hay fever and sinusitis. 8. Used for short period (3-5 days) 9. Examples of decongestants epinephrine,phenylephrine every 3-4 times a day( short acting), oxymetalasone every 12 hours (long acting)

4. Alkaline nasal wash : Rx Sod.bicarb................. 50gm 5 gm Sod chloride.............. 50 gm 5 gm Sod biborate(borax).. 50 gm 5 gm Prepare 15 gm ( factor 15/150 = 0.1) X 0.1

5. Procedure 1.Weigh 5 gm of each ingredient, then grind them to fine powders, then sieve them 2. Add the powders to each other gradually and mix them well. 3.Make them as packs (each = 5 gm) Uses Used as nasal wash in nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis

6. Role of each ingredient: Uses Used as nasal wash in nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis Sodium chloride: osmotic agent (to adsorb the fluids in the nose) Sodium bicarbonate and Sodium borate } cleansing agent and to clean the nose

7. Dose: Sig: 3-5 gm in 120 ml of warm water u.d 2-5 gm to be dissolved in 120 ml of warm water and used as directed

8. Color of the label: red Alkaline nasal wash Five grams to be dissolved in a teacupful of warm water and use as directed Keep in dry place Name: Date:

9. Ephedrine HCL Rx Ephedrine HCL................. 5gm 0.5 gm Sod chloride.................... 5 gm 0.5 gm Chlorobutol ………….…….. 5 gm 0.5 gm D.W ad 1000 ml 100 ml Prepare 100 gm ( factor 100/1000 = 0.1) X 0.1

10. Procedure 1.Dissolve chlorobutol by aid of gentle heat with large volume of D.W 2.Dissolve ephedrine HCL and sodium chloride by addition of some D.W, wash and adjust the volume by D.W 3. Make filtration by using filter paper Uses Relieve of congestion

11. Role of each ingredient: Dose: 1-2 drops Bid or u.d Ephedrine HCL: vasoconstricting agent (decongestant) Sodium chloride: iso-osmotic agent Water: Vehicle

12. Sig: 1-2 gtt. Bid a.u or u.d. Color of the label: red Ephedrine nasal drops 0.5% w/v Two drops in each nostril twice daily Keep in dry place Name: Date: Labeling:

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