1. Ancient Egypt Part 1 Pre-Dynastic and Old Kingdom

2. Key Ideas Complex funerary practices involving building mastabas and pyramids Figures hold unyielding stances and facial expressions Unrealistic posing of human figures – frontal shoulders and eyes, profile heads and hips/legs Divine pharaohs

3. Egyptian Canon (convention) of Proportion Fist is one box wide/high Heel to hairline – 18 blocks up Knee at 5 blocks up Head in profile, while eye is frontal Shoulders/torso frontal Hips/legs in profile Arch and big toe for both feet RIGID!!!

4. Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone allowed us to translate hieroglyphics

5. Pre-Dynastic Egypt to Early Dynastic 5500 – 3100 BCE

6. Narmer Palette, 3000-2920 BCE, slate. King Narmar depicted as the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt; king is largest figure (hierarchy of scale); god Hathor (cow with a woman’s head) repeated four times at top; narrative – king asserts rule over lower and upper Egypt; palette used to grind/mix eye make-up to lessen glare from sun; hawk on back symbolizes Horus – god of Egypt

7. Old Kingdom 2575-2134 BCE

8. Mastaba Plan – Precursor to Pyramids Statue of the deceased holds the Ka and is placed in the serdab (room where Ka resides, not in burial chamber)

9. Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser (Zoser), c.2630-2611 BCE, Saqqara, Egypt First recorded name of an architect/artist – Imhotep; stone; staircase to heaven and sun god, Ra; appears to look like stack of mestabas; solid stone; 204’ high; outer buildings are sham buildings, some with engaged columns; monumental scale; necropolis complex

11. Stepped Pyramid Groundplan

12. Great Pyramids, c. 2500 BCE, Giza, Egypt Monumental tomb for pharaohs; limestone with deceased in burial chamber inside; mostly solid limestone except for passages and chambers (including false chambers); oriented to compass points Khufu 2600-2550BCE Khafre 2575-2525 BCE Menkaure 2551-2472

13. Pyramid Plan

14. Necropolis at Giza

15. Great Sphinx, c.2500 BCE, living rock, Giza generalized features, but may be Khafre; body of lion, head of pharaoh or a god; carved from one giant rock in situ; may be protecting pyramids behind it; originally painted brightly

16. Khafre, c. 2500 BCE, diorite. Falcon god, Horus, behind Khafre, symbolizing he is divinely appointed; rigid adherence to Egyptian canon of proportions; symbols of united Egypt at base (lotus and papyrus); idealized features; permanence; no negative space

17. Seated Scribe, c. 2400 BCE, limestone, Saqqara. Created for a tomb to hold the Ka; conventional image of a scribe-not a pharaoh; contrasts with idealized figures of pharaohs; flabby folds of skin from sedentary life of a scribe

18. Ti Watching the Hippopotamus Hunt, c. 2400 BCE, painted limestone, Tomb of Ti, Saqqara Ti was a government official; river seen from above; hippos and fish seen in profile; stylized oars; hierarchy of scale; boat glides through papyrus; success in hunt is fight against evil (hippos were seen as pests )