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Overview of the Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.1 Overview of the Nervous System
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Organization of the Nervous System
2 major divisions central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system (PNS) sensory receptors afferent (sensory) nerves efferent (motor) nerves
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Two Major Divisions
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The Efferent Nerves somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system
voluntary autonomic nervous system involuntary sympathetic parasympathetic
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Nervous Tissues neuroglia neurons AKA glial cells
support and protect neurons neurons transmit nerve impulses
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Neuroglia CNS astrocytes microglia ependymal oligodendrocytes
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Neuroglia peripheral nervous system Schwann cells satellite cells
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Neurons dendrites cell bodies Axons
send information to cell body (Deliver) cell bodies Axons send information AWAY from cell body
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Neuron Types by Function
sensory neurons send impulses toward CNS motor neurons send impulses away from CNS interneurons bridges between neurons
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Neuron Structures bipolar unipolar multipolar 1 axon and 1 dendrite
1 axon, many dendrites
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Review and Assessment Match terms with 1–4 below: Sympathetic nervous system Myelin Synapse Axon 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons
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Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses
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Transmission of Nerve Impulses
action potentials change in cell membrane charge impulse transmission charge change travels along axon reflexes involuntary response to stimulus
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Action Potentials polarized depolarized refractory period repolarized
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Impulse Transmission transmission at synapses gap junctions
neurotransmitter excitatory effect inhibitory effect
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Reflexes somatic autonomic stimulate skeletal muscles
stimulate involuntary muscles
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Functional Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.3 Functional Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
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Cerebrum cerebral cortex lobes primary motor cortex
gyrus sulcus fissure lobes frontal parietal occipital temporal primary motor cortex primary somatic sensory cortex
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Cerebrum
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Diencephalon thalamus hypothalamus
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Brain Stem midbrain pons medulla oblongata
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The Brain cerebellum meninges blood-brain barrier dura mater
arachnoid mater pia mater
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Spinal Cord
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Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.4 Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic nerves fight-or-flight action parasympathetic nerves resting or digesting action
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Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.5 Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System
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Traumatic Brain Injury
violent impact to head mild moderate severe
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Cerebral Palsy damage to brain motor function impairment before birth
during birth during infancy motor function impairment
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Spinal Cord Injuries C1–C3: usually fatal C1–C4: quadriplegia
C5–C7: paralysis of lower extremities T1–L5: paraplegia Corepics/Shutterstock.com
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Diseases and Disorders of the CNS
meningitis multiple sclerosis epilepsy Parkinson’s disease dementia and Alzheimer’s disease ALS Huntington’s stroke
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