1. Copyright © 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized commercial reproduction of this slide is prohibited Supplemental PowerPoint Slides Morphological Observation of Sympathetic Nerve Fibers in the Human Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Haiyan Li, M.M.*, Xuexiao Ma, M.D.*, Fengxia Liu*, Tengbo Yu, M.D. *, Bin Yue, M.D.*, Hongfei Xiang, M.M. *, Xiaolin Wu, M.M. *, Bohua Chen, M.D.* * Department of orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266003

2. Morphology of different nerve fibers fluorescence distributed along the posterior longitudinal ligament by fluororesence methods scattered punctate nerve fibers on the axial section linear nerve fibers on the sagittal section Morphology of different nerve fibers fluorescence distributed along the posterior longitudinal ligament by fluororesence methods X400 axis position X400 coronal position

3. ×400 sagittal position Surface Deep Cervical PLL may be innervated by different shapes of sympathetic nerve fibers in Human,wavy or linear under fluorescence microscope. β fibers: straight, long, and thin, assembled in deep ligament tissue. α fibers :tortuous, wavy, thick, and short, along the surface of ligament tissue.

4. comparison of images between cervical spondylosis and cervical trauma group The cervical spondylosis group The cervical trauma group X-rays MRI X-rays MRI