1. Cell Organelles Unit 2: Cells Ch. 7-2
Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org

2. Two cell types Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells)
Let’s Review!
Two cell types
Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells)
Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)

4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria
No Nucleus
No Membrane bound organelles.

5. Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus
Have membrane bound organelles
Nucleus

6. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Both cells function similarly

7. Cell Organelles Organelle = “little organs”
Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell
Found only in eukaryotic cells
Many are “membrane-bound” (a membrane surrounds the organelle)
All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol
Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

8. Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell and decides what comes in and out
Semi-permeable: allows nutrients in and waste products out
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Also called Plasma Membrane
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

9. Factory Part: Found in: Gates or Doors Plant cells Animal cells
Prokaryotic cells

10. Nucleus Control center of the cell Stores DNA (chromosomes)
Surrounded by the nuclear membrane
Pores let material in and out
Also contains the Nucleolus, which makes ribosomes
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

11. Factory Part:
Manager’s Office
Found in:
Plant cells
Animal cells

12. That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?
Ribosome
Smallest organelle
NOT surrounded by a membrane
Makes proteins according to DNA instructions.
Two Types:
Free ribosomes: float free in cytosol
Bound ribosomes: attached to rough ER
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.
That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?

13. Factory Part: Found in: Machines Plant cells Animal cells
Prokaryotic cells

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport system for materials in cell
Two Types:
Rough ER: covered with ribosomes; site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER: NO ribosomes; it makes hormones & lipids
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

15. Factory Part:
Conveyor Belts
Found in:
Plant cells
Animal cells

16. Golgi Apparatus Delivery system of the cell
Collects, modifies, and packages molecules in the cell
Distributes and transports molecules in vesicles
AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

17. Factory Part: Found in: Post office or Mail Room Plant cells
Animal cells

18. Lysosomes Clean-up crew of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules for the cell to use
Removes waste particles
Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

19. Factory Part:
Janitors
Found in:
Plant cells
Animal cells

20. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Site of cellular respiration
Converts energy stored in food into energy the cell needs – ATP
Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.
Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
ATP = Adenosine triphosphate

21. Factory Part: Found in: Power Plant / Electrical Room Plant cells
Animal cells

22. Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis
Changes sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose)
Contains green pigment, chlorophyll
Found only in plant cells and algae
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen

23. Factory Part:
Solar Powered Energy Panels
Found in:
Plant cells

24. Cell Wall Rigid, protective barrier (maintains cell shape)
Found in plant and bacterial cells
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (Carbohydrate fiber)
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

25. Factory Part: Found in: Factory Gates Plant cells
Some Prokaryote cells

26. Vacuoles Storage tank Holds water, food, enzymes, wastes, etc
Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
Supports cell shape in plants
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

27. Factory Part: Found in: Storage room Plant cells
Animal cells (smaller)

28. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.

29. Cell City Analogy Cell Organelles City Analogies
Cell Membrane City border
Cell Wall City Wall
Cytoplasm Lawns
Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system
Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard
Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS
Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants
Nuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guard
Mitochondria Energy Plants
Nucleus City Hall
DNA Original Blueprints or the city
RNA Copies of Blueprints
Nucleolus Copy Machine
Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Vacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage dumps
Protoplasm Air or atmosphere
Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints
Proteins Lumber or bricks