1. Our English Heritage

2. King Henry II Established Common Law (1166 A.D.)
Created Trial by Jury of 12 Peers

3. King John “Lackland” Signs Magna Carta (1215)
Establishes Due Process of Law
Trials and Punishments by law
Arrests and Warrants
- Tax increases must be approved by voters
- Power shifts from King to House of Lords

4. King Henry VIII sons that survive him Has no ____________________
Asks Pope for a __________
Pope __________
Henry splits from Catholic Church, creates the Church of England answering to himself
This leads to a century of bloody Catholic v. Protestant conflict
divorce
refuses

5. King Charles I DENIED BY KING Petition of Right
- expands and strengthens Magna Carta rights
- freedoms from unreasonable search and seizure
- prohibition against quartering of troops in homes
DENIED BY KING

6. Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell v. Charles I and II and the English Civil War
Cromwell & the Puritans v. Catholic Kings Charles I & II

7. The Constitutional (and Puritan) Government of Oliver Cromwell
Puritans depose and execute Charles I
written constitution for government
elected republic instead of King, with Cromwell elected as “Lord Protector of England”
King Charles II restored after death of Cromwell and years of blood and violence

8. The Glorious Revolution (1688)
Parliament votes out King James II and votes in William and Mary
In exchange for being made King and Queen, they sign away power in the English Bill of Rights

9. English Bill of Rights
Power shifts from King and House of Lords to House of Commons
King cannot without Parliament’s consent:
suspend laws
raise taxes
maintain an army
interfere in elections
inflict cruel and unusual punishments
impose excessive fines or bail
people given the right to a speedy trial
jury composed of peers
right to petition the government

10. John Locke all men are created equal life, liberty, and property
government only legitimate when people agree to be governed

11. Colonial Government

12. Pilgrims
Mayflower Compact (1620)
In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwriten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord King James by the grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc, & Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, etc. Hving undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honour of our King & country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly & mutualy in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant & combine our selves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering & preservation & furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hearof to enact, constitute, and frame such just & equal laws, ordinances, Acts, constitutions, & offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet & convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, & Ireland the Eighteenth, and of Scotland the Fifty Fourth. Anno Domine 1620.

13. House of Burgesses (1619, Virginia Colony)
Religious laws
Loyalty to King
House of Burgesses (1619, Virginia Colony)
First elected government in America

14. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Elected government
Term limits
Limited government
Areligious
Colonial Charters
Separation of powers
Self-government, but override by King possible

15. The American Revolution

16. French & Indian War Proclamation of 1763 Various Taxes Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Townshend Acts
Tea Act

17. Boston Massacre !

18. Boston Tea Party

19. 1st Continental Congress
Intolerable Acts
- Quartering Troops
- Boston Shut Down
1st Continental Congress
Boycott and Embargo

20. Lexington and Concord 1775
“The Shot Heard ‘Round the World”

21. 2nd Continental Congress (1776)
John Hancock, President
Geo. Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine
- Common Sense
- The American Crisis

22. The Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson, with a little help from John Adams and Ben Franklin (and the rest of Congress) July 1776

23. The Articles of Confederation (The FIRST United States of America)
Created while the American Revolution was underway

24. The need for government – any government
Colonies wanted 13 separate states, not one nation
Created weak – on purpose
- Unicameral legislature
- Confederation, not a nation
- No executive branch
No judiciary
No army
No taxes

25. - Amendments required a unanimous vote
- Each state = 1 vote
- Laws required 9 of 13 states to pass
- Took from 1777 to 1781 to ratify(approve)
NO amendments ever passed

26. Land Ordinance of 1785
- solved western land claims

27. Northwest Ordinance (1787)
- established a process to create territorial governments
- established a process to create new states

28. Shays’ Rebellion (1787) - war debts v. high taxes
- angry farmers & war veterans storm arsenal

29. New Constitution needed
- U.S. government had no army to stop them
- had to beg states to send troops. Many didn’t.
- Stopped by Massachusetts Militia
New Constitution needed
- James Madison, the Federalist Papers
- Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
o Federalists – agreed with new Constitution, good balance
o Anti-Federalists – feared new Constitution was too powerful

30. - Virginia Plan = # of Reps. based on population
- New Jersey Plan = 1 vote per state
- Connecticut Compromise = do both plans in bicameral legislature
- 3/5 Compromise = how slaves would be counted towards # of Representatives for state, and for taxes
- 3 branches of government established
- Ratified 17 Sep 1789
- Still functioning today