1. Fifteenth Century and the Catholic Kings

2. Pogroms of 1391 Anti-Jewish violence Ferrán Martínez Conversos

3. Pogroms Unpacked Events in Valencia v. events in Barcelona Rising social anxieties fueling existing religious tensions Political tensions

4. Jewish response If perchance anyone, Christian or Muslim, compelled by audacity, wishes or attempts to invade or rob those Jews, their houses, or their goods…the Jews can defend themselves…against the aforesaid invaders and injurers, whosoever they be and of whatever status.”

5. Jewish response And that if in said invasion or conflict the invaders are hit or injured, even if death is the result, no petition or demand can be made against the said Jews. And if the friends of one thus injured or hit wish vindictively to inflict harm or damage upon those Jews, we and our officials are bound to defend and maintain the Jews and their goods.

6. Rising anti-Jewish sentiment Vicente Ferrer (1350- 1419) Disputation of Tortosa, 1413-1414 Context 1449: purity of blood statutes in Toledo

7. Downturn Tax records Leaving large towns Seeking noble protection

8. Blood Libel And because we have heard it said that in some places Jews celebrated, and still celebrate Good Friday, which commemorates the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, by way of contempt: stealing children and fastening them to crosses, and making images of wax and crucifying them, when they cannot obtain children; we order that, hereafter, if in any part of our dominions anything like this is done, and can be proved, all persons who were present when the act was committed shall be seized, arrested and brought before the king; and after the king ascertains that they are guilty, he shall cause them to be put to death in a disgraceful manner, no matter how many there may be. (Siete Partidas, VII, XXIV, Law 2)

9. Blood Libel In Spain Santo Niño de la Guardia Conversos, Jews, Judaizing, and ritual murder European context

10. Nasrid Granada Small, economically weak Not politically strong Well fortified Juan II, Yusuf IV, and tribute

11. Nasrid Granada Alhambra finished under Muhammad V (1354-59, 1362-91) Honeycombed stucco Use of water

12. Alhambra

13. Nasrid Granada Relative peace in 14 th century Juan II, Yusuf IV, and tribute

14. Enrique IV Jews and conversos Reconquest?

15. Enrique IV Weak leader? Maligned reputation

16. Isabel Daughter of Juan II Half-sister of Enrique IV Sister of Alfonso “XII”

17. Isabel and Ferdinand Secret wedding Who will rule?

18. Isabel and Ferdinand Restoration of order Hermandades Corregidores

19. Images of Isabel Redeemer Sexual purity

20. Religious Reform Monasteries and convents Bishops Religious minorities

21. Granada Campaign Boabdil Cruzada Realengo

22. Granada Aftermath Legal and religious autonomy Emigration Boabdil gets sub- kingdom

23. Granada: Aftermath Hernando de Talavera Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros

24. Granada Aftermath 1502 Moriscos Taqqiya

25. Inquisition Torquemada Status of conversos Separating false from true converts

26. Inquisition Definitions Context Heresy

27. Inquisition Seville Alonso de Ojeda Inquisition, 1478 Auto de fe

28. Inquisition and Crown Heresy and treason Papal expectations Royal actions

29. Expulsion The decree The rationale The context

30. Expulsion Aftermath Emigration Conversion

31. Catholic Monarchs Political = religious unity Inquisition End of convivencia