2. World War I Strategies and Stalemate

3. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

4. The “Spar k”

5. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

6. The Assassination: Sarajevo

7. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

8. Causes of the War

9. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

10. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

11. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

12. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

13. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

14. Europe in 1914

15. Who’s To Blame?

16. German Atrocities in Belgium

17. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

18. New French Recruits

19. Russian Women Soldiers

20. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

22. Advantages: Allies- held superior numbers, financial resources, and command of the sea. Central Powers- possessed internal communication lines and attacked first.

23. Germany: Schlieffen Plan- attack France by way of Belgium, conquer France quickly, then focus on Russia.

25. France: Courage and spirit could not defeat machine guns and heavy artillery. Schlieffen Plan fails, as the French are a much more difficult opponent.

26. Britain: The British enter the war after the invasion of Belgium, a neutral country. Introduce the armored tank into battles.

27. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

28. A Multi-Front War

29. Trench Warfare. A new type of war, fought by digging trenches, positioning artillery, barbed wire, land mines over an area. Millions lost their lives fighting this way. Battle of Somme- 1 million die.

32. War Is HELL !!

33. Sacrifices in War

34. Russia: Battle of Tannenberg- Russian army captured/ destroyed by Germany. 60,000 casualties, 90,000 POWs.

35. New Allies: Bulgaria and Turkey join the Central Powers. Italy joined the Allies, but dropped out. Romania joined the Allies.

36. A New Strategy: Winston Churchill proposed to go around the Western front and attack the Dardanelles and knock Turkey and Bulgaria out of the war. Failed

37. Battle of Verdun Germany attempted to inflict heavy French casualties and occupy forces. Failed

38. War at Sea Unrestricted submarine warfare by German U-boats. Sank the Lusitania, killing 1200 and 128 Americans.

39. The Sinking of the Lusitania

40. U.S. enters the War Why? German Unrestricted Submarine warfare Zimmerman Note- telegram from German official to Mexico, promising German aid to win back Texas and SW U.S.

41. The Zimmerman Telegram

42. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

43. Americans in the Trenches

44. New Technologies

45. British Tank at Ypres

46. French Renault Tank

47. U-Boats

48. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

49. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

50. The Zeppelin

51. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

52. Introduction of Poison Gas…

53. Machine Gun

54. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

55. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

56. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

57. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800

58. World War I Casualties