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Published byMekhi Tansill Modified over 9 years ago
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Section 24.1
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Explain why the US decided to sponsor the "Europe First" campaign Evaluate the reasons for an invasion of North Africa Understand the concept of the "Soft Underbelly" of Europe
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Groups of U-Boats known as “Wolfpacks” patrolled the Atlantic Sinking merchant ships and allied supply ships The use of Radar ended the dominance of U-Boats in the Atlantic Helped allied vessels locate U-boats quickly US Navy began escorting supply ships and quickly reduced the threat of U-boat attacks
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Early 1942 Allied bombers began bombing Germany English bombers flew by night and initiated saturation bombing on cities Wanted to inflict maximum damage American bombers flew by day and targeted political and industrial centers Strategic bombing- Destroy Germany’s capacity to make war
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All African-American fighter squadron Escorted and protected bombers from fighter planes Completed over 1,500 missions over enemy territory Did not lose a single bomber This group of pilots helped promote the publics view on African-American soldiers greatly
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To help prevent a full-scale invasion in the west, Hitler created the Atlantic Wall Series of blockades on beaches Fixed artillery locations Standing armies along the Atlantic coast
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Reasons for entering North Africa Stalin desperately wanted a “Second Front” for the war in Europe Allies were not ready for an invasion across the English channel Occupying North Africa would cut off German fuel supplies Would eventually lead to the invasion of Italy
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Dwight D. Eisenhower “Ike” Supreme Allied commander Led invasion of North Africa Bernard Montgomery Leader of British Forces in Europe
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October 1942, British won a Major Victory at El Alamein November 1942, American troops landed in Morocco and Algeria Moved Eastward toward German positions February 1943, American and German forces met at Kasserine Pass in Tunisia
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General George S. Patton Led forces at Kasserine Pass Promoted by “Ike” to be leader of North Africa forces German forces surrender 240,000 troops
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Churchill and Roosevelt met in Casablanca following the victory in North Africa Decisions made at Casablanca Increase bombing of Germany Invade Italy Allies would only accept Unconditional Surrender Giving up completely without any concessions
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“Soft Underbelly of Europe” Invasion of Sicily by British and American troops Forced Benito Mussolini to flee Italy surrendered
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German forces remained in Italy Created two lines of defense Gustav Line Gothic Line Italian campaign was not strategically successful
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Explain why the US decided to sponsor the "Europe First" campaign Evaluate the reasons for an invasion of North Africa Understand the concept of the "Soft Underbelly" of Europe
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