1. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 12 Prefixes of Location and Medication Administration

2. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Breathing Respiration Consists of two processes: –Inspiration Breathing in –Expiration Breathing out

3. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Breathing Verb forms: –Inspire –Expire

4. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- in- = not Examples: –in/compatible = do not mix well together E.g., incompatible drugs –in/compet/ence = unable to perform its function E.g., ileocecal incompetence in/compet/ent = adjectival form –E.g., incompetent cervix

5. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- Examples: –ment/al in/compet/ence = condition of being unable to think rationally to take care of oneself –aortic in/compet/ence = condition when blood seeps back through aortic valves

6. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- Examples: –in/continent = unable to control defecation and urination –in/sane = not sane –in/somnia = unable to sleep –in/co/herent = not coherent co/herent = logical or clear

7. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- in- = into Examples: –in/cise = to cut into ex/cise = to cut out and remove –in/cis/ion = a cut ex/cision = removal of organ or part –in/ject = introduce substance into body –in/ject/or = person or thing that injects

8. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- Examples: –in/fus/ion = slow introduction of fluids into vein or tissue –intravenous in/fus/ion (IV) = infusion into vein –in/fus/ion pump = regulates speed of IV flow –in/filtr/ation = permeation or penetration of dissolved substance into tissue E.g., local anesthetic

9. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- Examples: –in/still/ation = putting medicated drop into eye or body cavity in/still = verb form –in/semin/ation = introduction of sperm into female –artificial in/semin/ation = process of placing sperm into opening of cervix

10. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: in- Examples: –in/flamma/tion = redness, swelling, pain, and heat that occurs in irritated or infected tissues -itis = suffix meaning inflammation –in/flamma/tory response = part of body’s defense system

11. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: mal- mal- = bad Examples: –mal/odor/ous = having bad odor –mal/aise = general feeling of illness or feeling poorly –mal/formation = poorly formed –mal/absorption = poor absorption

12. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Malnutrition Poor nutrition –Can occur in form of overnutrition or undernutrition –Caused by: Lack of nutrients Starvation Overeating Socioeconomic conditions Emotional eating disorders

13. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Malnutrition hyper/phagia = overeating Anorexia –Not eating –Can be caused by illness cach/exia = unhealthy loss of weight and wasting away due to illness

14. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Malnutrition Anorexia nervosa –Not eating due to obsession to be thin Bulimia –Binging and purging

15. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Malaria Disease caused by parasite that invades RBCs –Word origin believed to be caused by bad night air malari/al malari/ous malari/o/logy malari/o/therapy

16. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: uni- uni- = one Examples: –uni/vers/al = combined into one whole –uni/ovul/ar = pertains to twins who develop from one ovum

17. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: uni- Examples: –uni/later/al = pertaining to one side –uni/cell/ular (also mono/cell/ular) = made of one cell –uni/nucle/ar (also mono/nucle/ar) = having one nucleus

18. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: bi- bi- = two Examples: –bi/later/al = pertaining to two sides –bi/cell/ular = made of two cells –bi/nucle/ar = having two nuclei

19. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: bi- Examples: –bi/ceps = muscle with two heads –bi/cuspid = tooth with two cuspids –bi/focals = lenses with two areas of focus –bi/sex/ual = sexually attracted to both sexes

20. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: bi- Examples: –bi/polar = having two poles Pertaining to opposites –bi/polar affective disorder = condition characterized by extreme mood swings from manic to depressive state

21. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: bi- Examples: –bi/furc/ate = divide into two branches furc/o = branching or dividing E.g., nerves, arteries –bi/furc/ation = condition of having two branches Noun form

22. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: tri- tri- = three Examples: –tri/ceps = muscle with three heads –tri/gemin/al nerve = cranial nerve with three branches –tri/cuspid valve = has three cusps –trip/lets = three infants born of same pregnancy

23. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: semi- semi- = half Used with modern English words or words closer to modern English –semi/circle –semi/conscious –semi/private –semi/comatose

24. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: hemi- hemi- = half Used more than semi- with medical terms

25. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: hemi- Examples: –hemi/cardi/a = presence of only half a heart –hemi/gastr/ectomy = removal of half the stomach –hemi/plegia and hemi/paralysis = paralysis of one side of body –hemi/an/esthesi/a = anesthesia of half of body

26. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terms with genit/o genit/o = combining form for beginning or formation genit/al = adjectival form –E.g., genital herpes

27. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terms with genit/o Examples: –genit/als = reproductive structures –con/genit/al = born with –con/genit/al deformity = congenital anomaly E.g., Down syndrome, curvature of spine, congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma (hydr/ophthalm/os), congenital syphilis

28. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terms with sanguin/o sanguin/o = combining form for blood Examples: –con/sanguin/ity = condition of having blood relationship Common ancestor –sanguin/ous and sanguin/eous = bloody

29. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: dis- dis- = to free of, to separate, or to undo Examples: –dis/ease = free of ease –dis/sect = to cut tissue or to undo it into parts dis/sect/ion = noun form

30. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: dis- Examples: –dis/infect = to free of infective agents –dis/infect/ant = agent that disinfects –dis/infect/ion = process of disinfecting –dis/associate = split off mentally and experience various persona Multiple personality disorder

31. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: post- post- = after or behind Examples: –post/prandial = after meals –post/cibal = after food –post/operat/ive = after operation –post/febr/ile = after fever –post/esophageal = behind esophagus

32. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: post- Examples: –post/coital = after sexual intercourse –post/menopausal = after menopause –post/natal = after birth Refers to baby –post/part/um = after delivery of baby Refers to mother

33. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: ante- ante- = before or forward Examples: –ante/pyr/etic = before fever –ante/part/um = before delivery –ante/flex/ion = bending forward –ante/vers/ion = turning forward –ante/posit/ion = position in front

34. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terms Dealing with Death post/mortem = after death –mortem = death ante/mortem = before death mort/ality = death rate morbid/ity = rate of occurrence of disease

35. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: pre- pre- = before Examples: –pre/operative = before operation –pre/mature = before maturity –pre/cancer/ous = before cancer develops –pre/scribe = write before you can take –pre/script/ion = written order for drug

36. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Medication Processes 1.Prescribe –Write order for drug 2.Dispense –Hand medication to patient after filling prescription 3.Administer –Give, inject, or apply medication

37. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: intra- intra- = within Designates within the following anatomical parts: –intra-/abdominal = abdomen –intra/cellular = cell –intra/uterine = uterus –intra/crani/al = cranium –intra/cyst/ic = bladder

38. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prefix: intra- Examples: –intra/ven/ous = within vein –intra/arteri/al = within artery –intra/muscul/ar = within muscle –intra/derm/al = within skin –intra/spin/al = within spine

39. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Angles of Injection