1. Kepemimpinan Dalam Keperawatan Debie Dahlia, SKp., MHSM., ETN

2. Background Nursing, in any role, is a people business
Nurses are becoming a part of a work group where members spend at least a third of their day interacting with each other
Therefore, nurses must be prepared to use interpersonal, leadership, and management skills to be effective in their role as a provider of patient care

3. Management versus Leadership
What Is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?
Although the terms management and leadership are frequently interchanged, they do not have the same meaning.
A leader selects and assumes the role ; A manager is assigned or appointed to the role

4. Management versus Leadership
Managers have responsibility for organizational goals and the performance of organizational tasks
Managers, as a providers of care, supervise a team of people who are working to help patients achieve their defined outcomes
Leaders are effective at influencing others

5. The Functions of Management
Management is a problem-oriented process with similarities to the nursing process
Management is needed whenever two or more individuals work together toward a common goal
The manager coordinates the activities of the group to maintain balance and direction
There are generally four functions the manager performs: planning, organizing, directing and controlling

6. What Is Meant by Management Style ?
The management style in nursing practice vary from autocratic to laissez faire style
The autocratic manager uses an authoritarian approach to direct the activities of others
This individual makes most of the decisions alone without input from other staff members
The emphasis on the tasks to be done, with less focus on the individual staff members who perform the tasks.

7. On the other end of the continuum is the laissez-faire manager, who maintains a permissive climate with little direction or control exerted
This manager allows staff members to make and implement decisions independently and relinquishes most of his or her power and responsibility to them

8. In the middle of the continuum is the democratic manager
This manager is people-oriented & emphasizes effective group functioning
The goals of the group are identified, & manager is perceived as a group member who is also its organizer & who keeps the group moving in the defined direction.

9. In choosing a management style, the manager must decide on levels of control and freedom and then determine which trade-offs are acceptable in each particular situation.
Leadership, in contrast, is a way of behaving; it is the ability to cause others to respond, not because they have to but they want to respond.
Leadership is needed as much as management for effective group functioning but each role has its place.
The leader focuses a group’s efforts on indentifying goals and carrying out the activities needed to reach those goals.

10. According to Mannion (1998), the major differences between Manager
& Leader are:
Leaders focuses on effectiveness, and managers focus on efficiency
Leader ask what and why, managers ask how
Leaders deal with people and relationships, and Managers deal with systems, control, and policies
Leaders initiate innovation, and Managers maintain the status quo
Leaders look to the horizon, and Managers look to the bottom line

11. Surviving And Thriving As A Leader
The leader must maintain balance
The leader must generate self-motivation
The leader must work to build self-confidence
The leader must listen to his/her constituent
The leader must have a positive attitude

12. The Nurse as Leader
Professional nurse assume leadership in relationship:
With clients
With peers
With other colleagues
With political leaders
With public at large
To influence change and
To enable client to make
optimal choices for health

13. The Nurse As Leader Leadership Within the Workplaces
Staff Nurse as Leader
Nurse Manager as Leader
Nurse executive as Leader
Nurse Student as Leader
Leadership in the Community

14. Leadership is what gives nursing its vision and its abilities to transform clients’ health.
This transformation occurs through the leaders’ translation of vision into reality with clients.
In the transformational, the nurse leader is the coordinator of communication.

15. Leadership in relation with client Transformational Leadership
Sharing of power rather than the wielding of power by the nurse over the client
Both participants influence each other

16. Role of the Professional Nurse as Patient care Managers/Leaders
Nurse enters Relationship
Assessment
Nursing diagnoses
Planning
Evaluation
Implementing Intervention

17. Peran dan Fungsi Kepemimpinan Dalam Manajemen Keperawatan
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling

18. Leadership Roles in Planning
Assesses the organization internal & external environment
Demonstrates visionary, innovative, and creative thinking in organizational
Influences and inspires group members
Periodically completes value clarification to increase self-awareness

19. Encourages subordinates toward value clarification by actively listening and providing feedback
Communicates and clarifies organizational goals and values to subordinates
Encourages subordinates to be involved in policy formation, policies, procedures, and rules

20. Leadership Roles With Organizational Structure
Evaluates the organizational structure frequently to determine if management position can be eliminated to reduce the chain of command
Encourage employees to follow the chain of command
Supports personnel in advisory (staff) positions
Models responsibility and accountability for subordinates

21. Assists nursing staff to see how their roles are congruent with and complement the common organizational task
Facilities informal group structure
Encourages upward communication
Counsels employees who do not follow chain of command
Uses committees to facilitate group goals, not delay decisions

22. Leadership Roles in Organizing Patient Care
Periodically evaluates the effectiveness of the organizational structure for the delivery of patient care
Determines if adequate resources and support exist before making any change
Examines the human element in work redesign and supports personnel during adjustment to change
Inspires the work group toward a team effort

23. Examines the unit philosophy to ensure it supports any changes in patient care delivery system
Uses scientific research to support changes in nursing care delivery model
Ensures that nursing care delivery model advances the professional nursing

24. Staffing Plans for future staffing needs proactively
Uses the interview process as a means to promote the organization’s image
Periodically review induction and orientation programs to ascertain they are meeting until needs
Ensures that each new employee understands appropriate organizational policies

25. Infuses a team spirit among employees
Serves as a role model to all employees and a mentor to select employees
Observes carefully for signs of knowledge or skill deficit in new employees and intervenes appropriately

26. Directing Recognizes each worker as a unique individual
Maintains a positive and enthusiastic image as a role model to subordinates
Demonstrates through actions and words a belief in subordinates that they desire to meet organizational goals
Understands and appropriately uses the informal communication network in the organization
5. Appropriately observes and interprets
verbal and nonverbal communication of
followers

27. Controlling
Encourages followers to be actively involved in the quality control process
Uses control as a method of determining why goals were not met
Supports/actively participates in research efforts to identify and measure “nursing-sensitive” patient outcomes
Uses the appraisal process to motivate employees and promote growth

28. Develops employee trust by being honest and fair when evaluating performance
Provides ongoing support to employee attempting to correct performance deficiencies

29. Be A Good Leader and Manager
Thank You
Be A Good Leader and Manager