1. This Season’s Challenges

2.  Powdery mildew on rosemary  Pests in apple orchard  Crop-nibblers: slugs & beetles  Blight in tomatoes

3. Powdery Mildew on Rosemary PROBLEM - In winter rosemary plants in hoop house infected with powdery mildew. Powdery Mildew on Rosemary

4.  Rosemary a Mediterranean plant  Likes temp and humidity  Rosemary overwintered in hoop house with plastic row covers  Covers maintain temp above freezing but also humidity  Ideal conditions for fungal growth

5. Powdery Mildew on Rosemary Economic Impact Cut rosemary sold to restaurant supplier at $5.50 per ½ lb At current rate of 120 lb/mo, monthly rosemary income $1,350 Rosemary plants also sold at $15 per flat, but market variable (and as yet largely untested, due to fungus) Maximum possible loss from fungus if entire crop destroyed: = $1,500 per month

6. HYPOTHESIS - Powdery mildew might be controlled by: 1.Changing watering methods 2. air circulation around plant leaves 3. Anti-fungal sprays i.Sulfur-lime ii.Serenade iii.Baking soda Powdery Mildew on Rosemary

7. Outside Fan Sulfur-lime spray Serenade spray Sodium bicarbonate spray Seven different conditions (60 plants each): Bottom-up Watering Control Powdery Mildew on Rosemary

8. The Greenhouse S U N S I D E S H A D O W S I D E SER 3 CON 3 BAS 3 B-U 3 FAN3 FAN 4 FAN 1 FAN 2 BAS 1 SUL 1 SER 1 CON 1 B-U 2 B-U 1 SUL 2 BAS 2 SER 2 CON 2 OUT 3 OUT1OUT1 OUT 2 OUT4OUT4 SER 4 CON 4 SUL 4 BAS 4 SUL 3 B-U 4 ROSE- MARY PLANTS ROSE- MARY PLANTS OPEN GH-FAN FAN Powdery Mildew on Rosemary

9. Results:

10. Powdery Mildew on Rosemary Results: Powdery Mildew on Rosemary

11. Pests in the apple orchard Orchard on 1 acre slope Cultivars: Liberty, Pristine, Williams Pride, Priscilla, Redfree, Goldrush, Jonafree & Prima, (resistant to scab, fire blight and powdery mildew) Rootstocks: Most cultivars planted on M.7 rootstock (resistant to fire blight and root diseases) Pests in the apple orchard

12. Apple Moths Tufted Apple Bud MothOriental Fruit Moth Codling MothOblique-banded Leaf Roller

13. Apple Moths  Pheromone traps for each moth in orchard  Number of moths counted each week  Entrust, Dipel and Surround sprays timed accordingly Pests in the apple orchard

14. Apple Moths Pests in the apple orchard

15. Comparison of Kretschmann Farm data with PSU Experiment Station data Apple Moths Pests in the apple orchard

16. Apple Maggots Plum Curculio Mites Dormant oil spray used in spring to reduce mite eggs Other pests in apple orchard European Apple Sawfly Sticky red spheres placed in orchard to attract maggots

17. Crop nibblers: Slugs  Don’t cause significant crop losses in mature plants, but have caused cosmetic damage to large proportions of several crops (lettuce, basil, cabbage, radicchio)  CSA subscribers are more forgiving of produce imperfections than wholesale markets, but Don wants to provide high quality produce to all customers  The solution to slug-nibbled cabbage: SAUERKRAUT!

18. Crop nibblers: Japanese beetles Population grew in end of July Most prevalent in basil patch Pheromone traps installed for control

19. Crop nibblers: Flea beetles  Primarily affect mesclun, but also many other crops  Row cover reduce damage  Stunt growth of seedlings and give mature plants lacy look  Seedlings dusted with rotenone  Eggplant no longer planted because of severe infestation

20. Blight on tomatoes

21. - Cool, wet summer: ideal conditions for blight spread - Began spraying copper hydroxide as preventative in early July - First signs of blight in mid-July: mix of early and late blight? - Poses significant threat to tomato crop and to potatoes if spreads. Thus far it has stunted some plants but not visibly damaged yields