1. LEVEL OF INTERVENTION
Muji Sulistyowati

2. Pengertian
Kelompok sasaran pada intervensi program promosi kesehatan dan pendidikan kesehatan
Simons-Morton, et al :
Terdapat 5 kelompok sasaran (Societal level)
Dengan 4 tempat kegiatan (Practice settings)

3. Targets of Intervention Intervention Approaches
Objectives
Mediators
Intervention Approaches
INDIVIDUAL
-students
-workers
-patients
-residents
Health behaviors
Knowledge
Attitudes
Skills
Practices
EDUCATIONAL
Teaching
Reinforcement
counseling
INTERPERSONAL
-friends
-family
-providers
-important others
Support
TRAINING
SOCIETAL
-citizens
-activists
-leaders
Programs
Policies
Resources
SOCIAL CHANGE
-Social marketing
-Resource develpm
-social action
Community organiz

4. Targets of Intervention Intervention Approaches
Lanjutan…..
Targets of Intervention
Objectives
Mediators
Intervention Approaches
ORGANIZATIONAL
-decision makers
-planners
-implementers
Programs
Practices
Policies
Resources
Knowledge
Attitudes
Skills
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
-consulting
-networking
-organizational dev
GOVERNMENTAL
POLITICAL ACTION
-Lobbying
-policy advocacy
-interest group pressure

5. Individual Level Intervention
The modification of health behavior and related factors through motivational procedures, skills training, communication strategies and education techniques on one-to-one basis (Elder et al, 1994)
Teori : HBM, TRA/ TPB

6. Group Level Intervention
… are those which emphasize the interpersonal process (include interactions with friends, relatives & others) as a part of the health promotion effort (Elder et al, 1994)
Lebih efisien dan efektif
Tiap individu dalam kelompok dapat belajar dari anggota yang lain
Ada “social network” untuk meningkatkan “difusi”
Teori : Social Learning theory, social network, social support

7. Organizational Level
Emphasize individual (and group) behavior in the context of membership or participation in an organization
Perubahan dalam organizational level bisa dilakukan secara terpisah atau bersama-sama seiring dengan perubahan perilaku individu atau kelompok sebagai anggota

8. Community Level
Involve changes in the community’s social and/or physical environment in such ways as to promote individual, group and/or organizational health
Teori :
Community building & community oganizations
Theories of organizational change

9. referensi
Simons-Morton, Bruce G., et al, Introduction to Health Education & Health Promotion, 1995, Waveland Press, p
Elder, et al, Motivating Health Behavior, 1994, p
Glanz, et al, Health Behavior & Health Education, Theory, Research & Practice, 1997

10. Health Care Institution Interpersonal/ Societal
Practice Settings
Level
School
Worksite
Health Care Institution
Commu
nity
Individual
Interpersonal/ Societal
Organizational
Governmental