1. Bell work
At the beginning of the civil war both sides had notable strengths & weaknesses. List one advantage of the Union and one advantage of the Confederacy.

2. Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis

3. A Shifting Political Scene
Millard Fillmore – Whig President
Angered northerners by support of Fugitive Slave Act
Angered Southerners by supporting California as a free state
Compromise of 1850 directly to blame for shrinking of Whig Party
Example of the awful effects of a disintegrating Whig

4. The Know - Nothings
Native born Protestants, upset by immigration and rising Catholicism
Anti-immigration movement became the Known Nothings (American Party)
Oppose immigration
Anti-slavery until 1856

5. Republican Party This party is fiercely anti-Slavery
Most popular in the North
Opposed popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

6. Sectional Divisions Intensify
Election of 1856
James Buchanan (Dem) wins
He promised to “stop the agitation of the slavery issue”
This appealed to most Americans (particularly in the South)
Republicans did receive a lot of votes though

7. Dred Scott Decision Causes Outrage
Dred Scott – A slave who had been taken to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin
He claimed that this made him free b/c it was north of the Missouri Compromise Line
Abolitionists would help him take his case to the US Supreme Court

8. Dred Scott v. Sanford Chief Justic Roger B. Taney decided:
Temporary residence in a free state did not make Scott free
Scott was property, not a citizen, therefore he had no rights
Stated that no African-American could be a citizen
Congress could not ban slavery because doing so would take away the property of slave owners (which is unconstitutional)

9. Dred Scott v. Sanford
Southerners rejoice because it meant slavery could be used anywhere
Northerners, especially Republicans and Know-Nothings were alarmed
Northerners
Southerners

10. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Fighting for a seat in the Illinois Senate
Series of debates over expansion of slavery
Lincoln = Republican (anti-Slavery)
Douglas = Democrat (popular sovereignty)

11. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln =“Honest Abe”
Tall, lanky, slow of speech
Opposed popular sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act
Attacked Dred Scott decision
Douglas = “Little Giant”
Short, round, energetic speech
Supported popular sovereignty
Believed slavery was promoted in our Constitution

12. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Douglas would win the election
However, Lincoln won loyal followers
This following would help him in his next election bid

13. John Brown’s Raid
Brown thought he was “an angel of God”, destined to bring an end to slavery
He felt violence was the answer, and scoured for funds and recruits to lead an uprising
Just imagine that is John Brown instead.

14. Harpers Ferry
Brown and 21 men set out to take an arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia
Hoped slaves would join in the revolution
Trains, canals offered escape
Near free states in the North

15. Harpers Ferry
The plan failed as few were willing to join this crazy guy
Local residents surrounded the arsenal and federal troops came to arrest the men
2 of his sons killed, some escaped, and others arrested and executed
The North and South would blame each other, and the divide grew wider and wider
Worst wax museum ever?

16. Lincoln, Secession, and War

17. Election of 1860 Democrats Split Their Support
Southern Democrats sought to protect slavery from federal interference
Northern Democrats (led by Douglas) wanted popular sovereignty
When Douglas followers win the argument, Southern Democrats marched out in protest

18. Republicans Nominate Lincoln
Republicans liked Lincoln’s moderate view on slavery
They wanted to stop slavery from spreading
Did NOT want to interfere with slavery in states where it already existed

19. Lincoln Wins in 1860!
Lincoln won 40% of popular vote and 60% of electoral votes
He didn’t even win a single southern state though
So, does it look like the South even matters?

20. Lincoln Wins in 1860!
Lincoln wasn’t even on the ballot for most Southern states, and Douglas came in 2nd in popular vote (he only won 2 states!)
Now, it is clear that one candidate represented the North, while another the South
The two sections were fractured seemingly beyond repair

21. The Union Collapses Southern States Leave the Union
How could a man be elected without a single southern vote?
The South is outraged, and on Dec 20, 1860, South Carolina secedes from the Union
Cited the fact that the president and government were “hostile to slavery”
6 others follow immediately

22. The Confederacy Is Formed
These 7 seceding states formed the Confederate States of America
Their constitution emphasized states rights, protection of slavery, and the right to secede
It outlawed import of slaves (to win favor with GB and France)
Its President would be Jefferson Davis

23. Crittenden Compromise
This was a final attempt at compromise made by some southern states
It reestablished Missouri Compromise Line and demanded reimbursement for slaves that ran away
Voted Down by Congress
Why do you think?

24. Outbreak of War Lincoln is inaugurated
He states that he will not interfere with slavery in the south
He states he WILL preserve the Union
He states there will be no war unless started by the South

25. Fort Sumter
When each state seceded, they took over all forts within their state (except for a few like…)
Ft. Sumter (in SC) was an important harbor
Confederates had prevented Union troops at this fort from being supplied

26. Fort Sumter
Lincoln was forced to protect this fort, but wishes to without fighting
Promises the South that he is sending food, no weapons to these troops
The South is too suspicious and demand the troops leave, but they refuse
Confederate troops proceed to fire on the fort, starting the Civil War

27. Fort Sumter Falls
Union troops forced to surrender as they run out of supplies
North is angry, Lincoln calls on 75,000 volunteers to fight
South responds by calling on volunteers to fight the Union
Both sides thought it would be a quick war…they were wrong