1. The American Revolution (VUS.4)
What You Need to Know

2. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
Essential Question: How did the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine influence Jefferson and the writing of the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Thoams Paine

3. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
The Enlightenment
Intellectual movement of the 18th century
New ideas about the rights of people and their relationship to rulers

4. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
John Locke – Enlightenment philosopher from England
Influenced American belief in self-government
All people are free and equal
Natural rights - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away
Popular sovereignty – all power comes from the people (“consent of the governed”)

5. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
Social Contract – people form a government to protect their rights and people agree to obey the rules established by their government
Limited Government – government’s powers are limited to those given to it by the people
Revolution - whenever the government becomes a threat to the natural rights of the people, they have the right to alter or overthrow it.

6. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
Impact of Locke – his ideas were radical and challenged rule by monarchs and emperors
Jefferson incorporated Locke’s ideas in the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson

7. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine and Common Sense
Thomas Paine – English immigrant
Wrote Common Sense - a pamphlet that challenged the rule of the American colonies by England
Impact – helped to change public opinion in favor of independence

8. The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
Statue of Thomas Paine

9. The Declaration of Independence
Draft Written by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia
Reflected the ideas of Locke and Paine

10. The Declaration of Independence
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

11. The Declaration of Independence
“That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed….”

12. The Declaration of Independence
“That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government…

13. The Declaration of Independence
List of Grievances – Jefferson then went on to list many grievances against the king described in Common Sense
Declaration of Independnece
July 4, 1776

14. Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War
Essential Questions: How did the French and Indian War lead to conflict between England and the American colonies?
Deat of General Wolfe

15. Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War
Cause – rivalry between England and France over trade and territory in North America
French and Indian War fought between 1756 – 1763
Consequence – French are driven out of Canada and territories west of the Appalachian Mountains by the Treaty of Paris, 1763

16. Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris, 1763

17. Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War
British Actions after 1763
Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense
Angered colonists and led to the American Revolution
Proclamation of 1763 – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
Stamp Act – new direct tax on printed, legal documents
New taxes on tea and sugar

18. The Stamp Act was the first direct tax on the colonies
It sparked the Stamp Act Congress and led to angry protests
The Sons of Liberty were formed to oppose it

19. The Beginning of the American Revolution
Resistance to British rule increased, leading to war.
Boston Massacre, 1770
Tea Act, 1773
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts, 1774
First Continental Congress, 1774
Lexington and Concord, 1775
Second Continental Congress, 1775
Declaration of Independence - July 4, 1776

20. The Beginning of the American Revolution
Boston Massacre by Paul Revere

21. The Beginning of the American Revolution
Boston Tea Party staged by the Sons of Liberty

22. Differences among the Colonists
Essential Question: What differences existed among Americans concerning separation from Great Britain?
The Patriot

23. Differences among the Colonists
Patriots
Believed in complete independence from England
Inspired by ideas of Locke, Paine, and Patrick Henry of Virginia (“Give me liberty, or give me death!”)
Provided troops for the Continental Army, led by George Washington, also of Virginia

24. Differences among the Colonists
George Washington
Patrick Henry

25. Differences among the Colonists
Loyalists
Remained loyal to Britain due to cultural and economic ties
Believed taxation was justified

26. Differences among the Colonists
Neutrals
Many colonists remained neutral and tried to avoid conflict

27. Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
Essential Question: What factors led to the victory of the American patriots?

28. Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
Diplomatic Factors
Benjamin Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France
Benjamin Franklin

29. Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
Military Factors
Leadership of George Washington
kept his army together
avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army
French Alliance - Army (Lafayette) and Navy resulted in final victory at the Battle of Yorktown in Virginia

30. Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
Yorktown

31. Treaty of Paris, 1783 Treaty of Paris, 1783 – ended the war
Britain recognized American independence
Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes
Western boundary – Mississippi River
Southern boundary – Florida border

32. Treaty of Paris, 1783