1. The 1850s:
Road to
Secession

2. The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821
Figure 38: The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 Houghton-Mifflin©

4. Compromise of 1850

5. Compromise of 1850 Admit California as a free state
Divide Mexican Cession into Utah and New Mexico - allow settlers to decide on slavery via Popular Sovereignty
Ban slave trade in D.C. (Whites still own slaves
Adopt new, rigorously enforced Fugitive Slave Law

6. 1852 Election Results

7. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

9. Uncle Tom Theater Poster
What impact might this poster have on northerners who rejected abolitionism?
In what ways would it have spurred northern loathing of the white South?
How might it have encouraged northerners to think of slavery and slaveholders as threats not just to Uncle Tom but to the American republic itself?
Uncle Tom Theater Poster

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois proposed that these two new territories employ popular sovereignty
Douglas needed the territories organized b/c of his interests ($) in the transcontinental RR development
Popular Sovereignty - proposed to win Southern Congressional votes

12. Kansas and Nebraska, 1854

13. The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

14. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

16. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs.
Northern Democrats.
Free-Soilers.
Know-Nothings.
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

17. 1856 Election Results

18. Failure to Compromise
The nation faced major issues in 1820 (Missouri), 1833 (Tariffs) and 1850 (California)
Each time a compromise created peace between the North and South
By the mid 1850’s though, no compromise seemed possible
Write down 3 reasons why the North and South had drifted too far apart at this time. (ESPM)

19. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

20. 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling
the Court held that slaves were not citizens
that living in a free state did not make a former slave free
that Congress had no power to ban slavery anywhere.
What compromise is declared unconstitutional?
Why would this decision cause the North to be outraged?
Why would the South be delighted?

21. Panic of 1857 Hurt the North, South relatively unaffected Gave the South a false sense of security. How?

22. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

23. The Freeport Doctrine
Lincoln asked Douglas
“ How can you reconcile Dred Scott and popular sovereignty?”
Douglas responded
“Slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizens did not pass and enforce slave codes for maintaining it.”
Angered Southern Democrats

24. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

25. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

26. Evolution of Major Parties through 1860
Figure 33: Evolution of Major Parties ©Houghton Mifflin

27. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]
Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

28. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

29. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

30. 1860
Election
Results

31. Presidential Election of 1860 (showing popular vote by county)

32. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

33. Proposed Crittenden Compromise, 1860

34. Southern Opposition to Secession, 1860–1861
Map 19.5: Southern Opposition to Secession, 1860–1861 (American Pageant 12 ed)

35. THE NEW-YORK ILLUSTRATED NEWS.
March 23, 1861
This is the way the North receives it.
THE PRESIDENTS INAUGURAL.
This is the way the South receives it.

36. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

37. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

38. Which event was the key?
Which of the following events do you think was the key event that led to the Civil War?
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision,
John Brown’s Raid, Election of Abraham Lincoln
Which was the “Point of No Return”
Create a tweet which supports your choice.

39. I'm not sure if i should purchase louisiana
I'm not sure if i should purchase louisiana. I don't know if its legal, but whatevs imma do it anyways cause its a lot of land.
tom_the_jefferson