1. World Geography Chapter 3 Population and Culture

2. Demography
the study of populations- including such topics as birth, marriage, migration, and death

3. Culture
The way of life of a group of people with common traditions, interests, and beliefs.
A total way of life.

4. Birth Rate
Number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
Death Rate
Number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.

5. The difference between the birth and death rate is called Natural Birth Rate.
Zero Population Growth
Birth and Death Rates are the same.

6. Population Distribution
Population Pattern- Show where the people are living.
Very small percentage of the earth has people living on it.

7. Migration
Movement of people and animals
Immigration
Moving into a country
Emigration
Moving out of a country

8. Population Density
The average number of people in a square mile or square kilometer.

9. Urbanization
The growth of cities
Rural
The country side- outside the urban and suburban areas

10. Industrial Revolution
Started the urban movement
People moved to cities to find work

11. Social Organization
the family is the most important unit of social organization.
Social Classes
birth or wealth?

12. Language
All cultures have language
Same language= Same culture

13. Religion
helps people answer basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life

14. Diffusion
the spread of cultural traits from one culture to another
Acculturation
the process of adapting traits from other cultures

15. Cultural Diffusion
The spread of people, ideas, and goods from one culture to another
Trade and travel encouraged
WAR

16. Internet and Television

17. Cultural Hearths
The places where civilizations began
Egypt- Nile River Valley
Iraq- Mesopotamia
Pakistan- Indus River Valley
China- Huang He River Valley

18. Mayan Civilization
Southern Mexico, Guatemala, & Belize
Inca Civilization
Peru, Colombia, & Bolivia

19. Cultural Regions
Areas of the earth where certain cultures dominate (this book is divided in 10)

20. 1. Clearly defined territory 2. Population 3. Sovereignty
Four specific characteristics that define a country
1. Clearly defined territory
2. Population
3. Sovereignty
4. Government

21. Territory
Land and water within a countries boundaries and all of its natural resources

22. Population
Citizens of a country are afforded protection by the government
Citizens of a country must serve their government

23. Sovereignty
a country that can rule itself by establishing its own policies and determining its own course of action

24. Government
Political System
the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common needs

25. Unitary
One central government runs the nation
Great Britain, Japan, and France ( Parliamentary government)

26. Federal System
the power is shared between the national and state governments

27. Confederation
smaller political units keep their sovereignty and give the central government only very limited powers.
Commonwealth of Independent States

28. Authoritarian government
the government is more important than individual freedom
The leaders hold all, or nearly all, political power

29. Dictatorship
government in which one leader has full power over a country

30. Totalitarianism
the government tries to control every part of society
Nazi Germany- Hitler
Soviet Union- Stalin

31. Monarchy
Kings, queens, pharaohs, shahs, sultans- inherit their positions by being born into the ruling family

32. Democracy
a form of government in which the people of a country vote for their leaders
the people have the power to set government policy

33. Free Enterprise
private businesses operate with little interference from government
Capitalism
economic system based on free enterprise

34. Communism
requires the state to make all the economic decisions
the state owns and operates all the major farms, factories, utilities, and stores

35. Socialism
the state should own and run basic industries such as transportation, communications, banking, coal mining, and the steel industry
This is done for the good of the society as a whole.