1. Symbolism

2. Allegory

3. Allusion

4. The nature of evil

5. The role of society

6. Dystopia

7. in Lord of the Flies
By William Golding

8. Symbolism

9. Comprehend the difference between literal and figurative and apply these concepts to symbolism and allegory
Explain what a symbol is; comprehend the difference between universal and personal symbols; create a personal symbol
Today you will . . .

10. Literal vs. Figurative literal figurative
The literal meaning of a story is the actual meaning. It is the most obvious meaning
figurative
The symbolic, suggested meaning

11. something used for or regarded as representing something else
a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign.
A symbol in literature is a sign which has further layers of meaning. In other words, a symbol means more than it literally says.
Symbolism

12. What does this symbolize?

13. What does this symbolize

14. What does this symbolize?

15. What does this symbolize?

16. What does this symbolize?

17. What does this symbolize?

18. Interpretation of Symbols
Universal and Cultural
Personal
Interpretation of Symbols

19. Universal – most people anywhere in the world would recognize it.
Cultural—the people in a particular culture would recognize it, but those outside the culture may not.
Personal—developed by an author, artist, etc. to specifically represent something.
A Symbol Can Be . . .

20. Write down another universal symbol and another cultural symbol
Write down another universal symbol and another cultural symbol. Explain what it means.
Create your own personal symbol with an explanation.
Homework

21. Today you will . . . Comprehend what an allegory is
Analyze “Little Red Riding Hood as an allegory
Analyze a quote as an allegory
Comprehend what an allusion is
Create an allusion
Today you will . . .

22. Allegory

23. Allegory a work in which the characters and events . . .
represent other people or events in history
represent concepts, such as virtues, war, communism
symbolically express a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning

24. An allegory can be understood on two levels:
LITERAL
FIGURATIVE
An allegory can be understood on two levels:

25. “Little Red Riding Hood” Level One: Literal
a little girl
The wolf
a dangerous, wild creature
The woodsman
a strong, brave working man
“Little Red Riding Hood” Level One: Literal

26. “Little Red Riding Hood” Level 2: Figurative
Innocence
The wolf:
Evil
The woodsman:
Society’s sense of
moral justice
“Little Red Riding Hood” Level 2: Figurative

27. “It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.”
-- Ecclesiastes (9.4)
Ecclesiastes uses the literal significance of "dog" and "lion," coupled with their cultural associations, to refer to conditions of human life.

28. lion
dog
Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth
Cultural association: the lion is noble, strong, courageous
Symbolic meaning:
Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth
Cultural association: the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly
Symbolic meaning:
Allegory

29. the literal meaning of "lion" and "dog"--two different species of mammal
the cultural associations of both animals--the lion is noble, strong, courageous; the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly.
the application to human character: The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life.
Breaking it Down

30. “It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.”
the application to human character: The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life.
“It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.”
It is better to be a coward and stay alive than be brave and die because of your bravery.

31. Examples of Other Allegories
Edmund Spenser's “The Faerie Queene” --
several knights stand for virtues like friendship, truth and justice
Animal Farm by George Orwell—
the animals stand for real people and the events real events in the Russian Revolution
the animals and events represent all people during all tyrannies
Examples of Other Allegories

32. Allusion

33. Allusion (NOT “illusion”)
A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional.
According to their content, allusions may be historical, cultural, mythological, literary, political, or private.
Allusions add a depth of meaning.
Allusion (NOT “illusion”)

34. Examples of Allusions Direct Indirect He’s as strong as Hercules.
Hey, Einstein!
She is as loyal as Lady Macbeth.
The title of Robert Frost’s poem “Out, Out--,” is an allusion to Macbeth’s speech about life's shortness after Lady Macbeth dies: “Out, out, brief candle!"
Examples of Allusions

35. Create an allusion and then explain it.

36. When during a conversation you allude to something, you are making a reference to that something without directly stating it.

37. Respond to this question . . .
How are an allegory and symbolism similar?
Respond to this question . . .

38. Themes for Lord of the Flies
What is the nature of evil?
Does a lack or disintegration of society cause injustice?
Themes for Lord of the Flies

39. What’s the difference between a Utopia and a Dystopia?

40. Answer both of the thematic questions and explain your responses: A
Answer both of the thematic questions and explain your responses: A.) What is the nature of evil? B.) Does a lack or disintegration of society lead to injustice?
Describe your utopia. What would it look like? Would there be laws, and if so, what kind? How would you get your food and clothing and other goods? Would everyone be treated equally? Would there be schools?
For Homework . . .