1. Methods for describing data

2. Methods of describing data Tables (row-coloumn table, contingency table, frequency distribution table) Graphs (line, bar, pie, pictogram, histogram, frequency polygon)

3. Row-Coloumn Table

4. Contingency Table

5. Frequency Distribution for Single Data

6. Frequency Distribution for Grouping Data

8. Class Intervals A symbol defining a class is called class interval (interval kelas) 41 – 50, 51 – 60, etc are called class interval

9. Class Limits The end numbers in a class interval is called class limit (batas kelas) 41: lower class limit of first class interval 50: upper class limit of first class interval

10. Class Midpoint The score which lies in the middle of a class is called class midpoint (titik tengah kelas) 45.5 is the first class midpoint

11. Class Boundaries The midpoint between the ordered class is called class boundary (tepi kelas) 50.5 is the upper class boundary for first class and also the lower class boundary for second class

12. The size or width of a class The size of a class is the difference between the upper and the lower of class boundaries The size of a class for the above table is 10

13. Line Graphs

14. Bar Graph

15. Pie Graph

16. Pictogram

17. Histograms and frequency poligons histogram frequency polygon