1. Core Technologies of the next generation wireless systems for the high rate mobile data access services Workshop on the Communication Core Technology Educational Culture Center in Seoul Feb. 14, 2006 By - Bekay (Byung Keun) Lim, Ph.D. ArrayComm LLC

2. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 1 Agenda 1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend 2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution 3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies 4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution 5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access 6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies 7. Conclusion

3. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 2 1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend Telecommunication Services Status and Trend »Voice to Data & Multimedia »Wireline to Wireless »Higher Data Speed »Voice Centric network to Data Centric network »NGN, IPv6, Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G, »Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services, »Converged services »Converged market - Public Operator driven Market, Enterprise, and SOHO Market. »Saturated and slow growth. »New Revenue Source are required for fast growth »Shared equipment to Personalized

4. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 3 »Voice to Data & Multimedia, Wireline to Wireless, Higher Speed LAN/ WLAN PSTN Voice Dial up data xDSL, Cable modem Data Multimedia Services Mobile Wireless Voice Voice Services FixedFixed Wirelesspedestrian Vehicular Mobility Information Rate 64Kbps 144Kbps 1Mbps 2Mbps Mobile Wireless Broadband Multimedia Services Broadband Multimedia Services

5. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 4 »Voice Centric network to Data Centric network, NGN, IPv6, Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G, Wireless 패킷망 PSTN WirelessPSTN Access Transport DATA Switching Networks Legacy Separate Network QoS Packet Network Mobile Access Enterprise Access Home Access Softswitch Next Generation Network Services services Network

6. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 5 »Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services, PSTN – IN services, 080, Ring Sound, CID, etc. PCS, Cellular – SMS, Multimedia, Data »Converged services, Converged market - Public Operator driven Market, Enterprise, and SOHO Market. DMB over the Handset Home Network »Saturated and slow growth. New Revenue Source are required for further growth. Subscribers as of Dec.30, 2005 PSTN – No growth, (decrease) 22.92Mil PCS, Cellular – 38.34Milion High Speed Internet – 12.14Mil

7. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 6 »Shared telecommunication equipment to Personalized PSTN provides a telecommunication services to every home and Office (PSTN Phone)  PCS, Cellular provide a personal services (Handset) Broadband Internet Access Services, xDSL, Cable, Metro Ethernet provide a High Speed Internet Access services to Home and Office (Desk Top PC)  Wireless Broadband Access provides a personal services ( mobile PC)

8. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 7 2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution »Voice Centric Network technology 3GPP2, IS-95A/B, cdma2000 1x/Ev-Do, 1xEV-Do rev A, 3GPP, WCDMA, CDMA/HSDPA, HSUPA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, TD- CDMA, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, »Data Centric network technology IEEE802.x, Hiperxxx WiFi, WiMAX, WiBro, Mobile WiMAX HC-SDMA,

9. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 8 »From Voice Centric technology to Data Centric technology Circuit switch Cellular/PCS to All IP Network »Narrow Channel Bandwidth to Broad Channel Bandwidth 1.25Mhz -> 5Mhz –> 10Mhz -> 20Mhz To have a broadband access channel widen the channel bandwidth »Uniform Rate service coverage to variable rate service coverage by AMC Symbol modulation for basic voice channel covers full service areas Higher order modulation 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM provides a portion of coverage areas depend on the SNR To achieve the high peak data rate as far as possible

10. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 9 3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies 3. Experience of the high rate AMC technologies »Easy approach to get a higher peak data rate »Non-uniform service coverage 25 20 15 10 5 0 dB N WE S SNR Distance 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5

11. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 10 »Lower Cell Edge data rate deteriorate the service quality »Peak Data rate mislead the understanding for the End user even Operators »Cause a complain by the poor service quality

12. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 11 4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution »Public wireless service system criterion Guarantee the quality of Services »Public Wireless Services system is different from private wireless system ISM band WIFI vs. Licensed Spectrum Radio System Cell Planning and Quality »HSDPA, Mobile WiMAX, WiBro, LTE, 3.5G, 4G, approach is to get a broadband channel bandwidth, higher rate AMC technique Peak rate driven, OFDMA, MIMO, Higher Radio Frequency Band 2.5GHz, 5GHz, etc. High RF band is required for Broadband Channel BW Propagation loss, uniform service quality, Backhaul Cost limit the massive deployment

13. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 12 »Lesson of Commercial experience of the MBWA system, Cellular, Netspot, Expensive, Poor quality (non-uniform), Small coverage Non-popular services »Low cost, uniform service quality, higher data rate, higher network capacity are required. For the popular services »Voice Centric Approach could not break the paradigm of cost, quality constraint User expect similar amount of payment for the data access Data services requires several tenth times data capacity compare to Voice services capacity »Data centric application network Can ensure the Capex and Opex for the MBWA services

14. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 13 »Data centric telecommunication MBWA network for what? Providing services by a cheap cost Providing guaranteed service quality Providing uniform service quality Providing commercial new subscriber (Mobile PC?)  Can not build a MBWA network by a legacy cellular concept » New Paradigm is required for MBWA network Limit some service features (mobility) Smaller cell (Pico Cell for high capacity/m²) Zone based service coverage ( reduce the Capex and Opex) Higher Capacity / footprint ( MBWA requirement) AAS for the Cell Edge Data Speed and Quality (Uniformity )

15. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 14 5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access »Array Antenna based Adaptive Antenna solution provides wider coverage and higher capacity Technical Interpretation Gain vs. noise, fading,... expands envelope to right Interference mitigation (+ gain) expands it upwards Economic Interpretation Coverage improvements reduce CapEx, OpEx (esp. backhaul, sites) Capacity improvements reduce delivery cost, spectrum requirements range (km) Throughput/cell (Mbps) 2/2.5G (10 MHz) 802.11b (83 MHz) Noise Limited Interference Limited Smart Antenna Benefit

16. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 15 Exploiting Channel State Information User 1, s 1 (t)e j  t +1 2bs 2 (t) as 1 (t)+bs 2 (t) as 1 (t)-bs 2 (t) User 2, s 2 (t)e j  t Users’ signals arrive at array with different space-time channels Processing provides gain and interference mitigation +1 2as 1 (t) as 1 (t)

17. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 16 Gain, Active & Passive Mitigation user omni/sector reference co-channel user coherent gain passive mitigation active mitigation

18. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 17 Protocol Independence »Applicable to any access & modulation methods »Processing in parallel on each channel resource Transceiver Channelizer (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA) Transceiver Channelizer (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA) … … … Spatial and Temporal Processing baseband signals/user data antenna

19. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 18 SISO, MISO, SIMO, MIMO, … SISO »Single Input, Single Output MISO »Multiple Input, Single Output SIMO »Single Input, Multiple Output MIMO »Multiple Input, Multiple Output SDMA

20. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 19 Wide variety of geometries and element types »arrangements of off-the-shelf single elements »custom arrays Array size »vertical extent determined by element gain/pattern as usual »horizontal extent, as small as 3-5 lambda »regular structures with 0.5 lambda subarrays desirable for FDD 2 GHz: array of eight 10 dBi elements is 0.5 x 0.75 m »small! »conformal arrays for aesthetics Antenna Arrays

21. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 20 RFPHYMAC Antenna Co-Processing Calibration Module... Resource scheduling and calibration control Antenna processing software modules from ArrayComm Calibration subsystem Common Radio System Logical Layouts for Advanced Antenna Processing Base Station Client Device RFPHYMAC Frame and Control Antenna Processing

22. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 21 »HC-SDMA system performance 6.7x capacity improvement through 3 software releases in microcellular application, with over 275,000 installations in service in Japan and China PHS HC-SDMA Industry’s most sophisticated spatial processing at work in multiple large- scale deployments of true mobile broadband standard GSM 12–30 dB link budget and 2–6x capacity improvement in challenging urban FDD application, large US operator trial ongoing

23. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 22 »WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance - Downlink SINR distribution, reuse 3 Out of Service ~10dB ~30%

24. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 23 »WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance - Downlink SINR distribution, reuse 1

25. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 24 HC-SDMA, Base Case: 8 Terminals, 8 Carriers Downlink Uplink 2,6297,966 Total 3281,025 UT#6 3281,027 UT#8 328982 UT#7 3321,026 UT#5 331892 UT#4 3251,027 UT#3 329964 UT#2 3281,023 UT#1 UplinkDownlink Average Data Rate [kbps]

26. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 25 Antenna Configurations — Stub & Patch »Pair 1: co-pol closely spaced »Pair 2: x-pol »Pair 3: co-pol distant

27. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 26 Wavelength at 2GHz is about 15 cm Typical handset dimension is 10 cm x 5 cm A 2-antenna solution with 0.3 – 0.5λ antenna separation can be easily accommodated Due to the large angle spread of the received signals, a 0.3 – 0.5λ antenna separation will yield good performances ArrayComm has studied handset antenna configurations in detail

28. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 27 Measurement Results – Patch Antennas

29. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 28 Measurement Results – Stub Antennas

30. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 29 Network Simulation – Ec/Ei in the WCDMA Handset 3GPP TR 29.942 3 sectors/site Max BS power: 20 Watts Pilot TX power: 1 Watts Cell radius: 1500 m Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

31. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 30 Ec/Ei After Cancelling Most Dominant Interferer 3GPP TR 29.942 3 sectors/site Max BS power: 20 Watts Pilot TX power: 1 Watts Cell radius: 1500 m Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

32. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 31 Ec/Ei After Cancelling Two Dominant Interferers 3GPP TR 29.942 3 sectors/site Max BS power: 20 Watts Pilot TX power: 1 Watts Cell radius: 1500 m Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

33. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 32 6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies »Mitigate the cell edge interference and provide uniform QoS »Increase the network average throughput »Increase the network total capacity by SDMA »Easy to implement on top of existing technologies »Optimum solution for data centric application system »MIMO Now BS AAS (Multiple RX/TX) Handset AAS ( 2 Rx)

34. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 33 7. Conclusion »Next generation licensed MBWA market The last domain of telecommunication services »New ocean of Telecommunication services market When the subscriber come with a new client devices New Device will consumes a lot of data traffic compare to Cellular packet usage on the handset Popularity will be assured by low cost and uniform quality »Core technologies for the new public licensed MBWA market AAS uniquely assures the uniform services quality SDMA is the last technique to improve the capacity in any technologies even on top of MIMO 7. Conclusion