1. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Green Radio: Outcomes and Future Prospects John Thompson and Tim O’Farrell With Support and Assistance From Simon Armour (Bristol), Vasilis Friderikos (KCL), Lajos Hanzo (Soton) and Simon Fletcher (NEC)

2. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Energy and CO 2 emission Challenges 2 5 million Base Towers 0.8% World (290 Mtones) Talking Costs? Telecom India (per year) Electricity: 26 TWh Diesel: 3 billion litres Talking Costs? Telecom India (per year) Electricity: 26 TWh Diesel: 3 billion litres Base Stns cause 60-80% of network power consumption

3. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Green Radio Project Structure 3 Network Architectureand Radio Techniques

4. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Green Radio Project Outcomes There is no one magic bullet to save energy  Rather we need to combine a range of solutions

5. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Going Beyond Green Radio Tech  Future network architectures  Small cells vs Cloud base stations  Self-organising and self-healing networks  Energy efficiency of handsets  Smartphones but not-so-smart battery technology  Finding the balance between the network and handset  Future energy sources  Ensuring reliable energy sources beyond 2015  Renewable energy/off grid solutions  embodied vs operational energy consumption  Spectrum management issues  Coordination of multiple licensed spectrum bands that are opening up via auctions and unlicensed spectrum  Radio technologies to handle all the available bands!

6. www.mobilevce.com © 2012 Mobile VCE Green ICT Applications  Future Cities  Ubiquitous, invisible sensors  Information harvesting and gathering  Intelligent Cyber-physical systems  Sustainable low carbon environments  Digital Economy  Reliable information infrastructure  Low Carbon Manufacturing  Sustainable communications systems  Intelligent Transport Systems  Low Carbon Vehicles and Transport  Driverless Transport Systems  Smart Roads and Junctions