1. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Cellular / PCS Technology Overview Connecticut Siting Council Cellular Symposium

2. Chris Fagas, March 2006 1. History of the Radio Frequency Spectrum used by Cellular/PCS 800 MHz UHF Television Channels UHF Television background: Original Channels 14 – 83 (470 – 890 MHz) Channels 70 – 83 (806 – 894 MHz) reallocated for development of Cellular and SMR bands.

3. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Cellular A, B and SMR Band, Cellular and Traditional 2-Way Radio (Public Safety and Commercial/Industrial) licensed in the same band Cellular and SMR Band Plan Changes

4. Chris Fagas, March 2006 PCS Band 1850 – 1990 MHz reallocated from individually licensed point to point data links and Auctioned to Private Sector to continue the mobile phone success phenomenon

5. Chris Fagas, March 2006 2. Cellular Concept of Providing Coverage Previous Single Control Site Technology

6. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Large Single Site

7. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Multiple Sites Handle Mobile Users “Zone Defense”

8. Chris Fagas, March 2006 “Handoff”

9. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Frequency Planning

10. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Frequency Reuse

11. Chris Fagas, March 2006 3. Base Station Configuration (Omni versus Directional) Rural Applications Metropolitan Applications Shelter versus Cabinet

12. Chris Fagas, March 2006 4. Antenna Technology Omni versus Directional Diversity Smart Antennas Shared Antennas Distributed Antennas

13. Chris Fagas, March 2006 5. Antenna Support Structure Lattice Towers, Monopoles Flagpoles, Trees/Monopines, Brown Sticks Water Tanks, Smoke Stacks, Roof Tops Steeples, Power Lines (Transmission/Distribution), Light Poles

14. Chris Fagas, March 2006

19. 6. Coverage and the Evolution of the Subscriber Handset Mobile Smaller Portable Lower Power Longer Battery Life Even Lower Power

20. Chris Fagas, March 2006 7. Growth of the Subscriber Base Success of Mobile Connectivity per CTIA 0 subscribers in 1986 16 million US subscribers in 1994 195 million US subscribers in 2006 1.6 billion current worldwide subscribers Current US Market Share: Cingular Wireless 31.2% Verizon Wireless 29.4% Sprint Nextel 27.2% T-Mobile 12.2%

21. Chris Fagas, March 2006 8. Capacity Concerns Adding Intermediate Sites during Cell Splitting Micro/Pico Sites Satellite

22. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Cell Splitting

23. Chris Fagas, March 2006 9. Development of More Efficient Technologies Analog to Digital TDMA, CDMA

24. Chris Fagas, March 2006 10. Emerging Technologies Next Generation: Email, Video

25. Chris Fagas, March 2006 Conclusions: The demand for mobile connectivity will probably continue to grow. The FCC will probably continue to support this growth with spectrum resources. New technologies and greater usage will probably increase the need for additional infrastructure in the future.