1. SCIENCE ADMINISTRATION FREDERICK BETZ PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY LECTURE 2 OVERVIEW OF SCIENCE (CONTINUED) ILLUSTRATION: SCIENCE INDICATORS 2006 NEVEN VISION

2. KEY DEFINITIONS FOR SCIENCE ADMINISTRATION 1. NATURE NATURE IS EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE STUDIED BY SCIENCE. 2. SCIENCE SCIENCE IS THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DISCOVERY AND UNDERSTANDING OF NATURE. 3. TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY IS THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MANIPULATION OF NATURE FOR HUMAN PURPOSES. 4. ENGINEERING ENGINEERING IS KNOWLEDGE OF THE MANIPULATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF NATURE. 5. UTILITY UTILITY IS THE ECONOMIC USE OF NATURE FOR HUMAN PURPOSES. 6. UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITIES PROVIDE THE INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR OF SCIENCE. 7. INDUSTRY INDUSTRIES PROVIDE THE INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY. 8. GOVERMENT GOVERNMENT PROVIDES THE INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR OF SOCIETAL INFRASTRUCTURE.

3. S2 S1 O1 02 EXPERIMENT THEORY PREDICTION E1 P2 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INVENTION METHODS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING & BUSINESS M1 C1 SALES REVENUE BUSINESS ENTERPRISE SCIENTIST SCIENTIST/ ENGINEER CUSTOMER PHENOMENA O BJECT PRODUCT SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES T1 A1 P1 T2 TECHNOLOGY ARTIFACT A2 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT MANIPULATION TECHNOLOGIST UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL R & D E2 PROTOTYPE DESIGN NEW PRODUCT INNOVATION RESEARCHER M2 C2 MARKET PRODUCTION MANAGER

4. China’s R&D expenditures relative to those of United States, Japan, and EU-25: 1991–2003

5. Academic R&D expenditures: 1990–2003

6. Academic R&D as share of total R&D, by country/economy: Most recent year

7. ILLUSTRATION: NEW TECHNOLOGY FROM UNIVERSITY SCIENCE – NEVEN VISION James Flanigan described a successful development of a new technology company, Neven, from university research at USC: “Harmut Neven came from Germany to the University of Southern California (USC) a decade ago (1996) to lead research efforts in computerized face and object recognition. The aim was to create a tool for the military and law enforcement agencies to identify enemies and suspects as well as for airlines and other companies to check passengers and visitors.” (Flanigan, 2007)University of Southern California In three years, Mr. Neven, a physicist with a Ph.D. from Ruhr University, succeeded in developing software that could analyze facial features, skin tones and the iris of the eye to achieve such recognition. Then, with encouragement from the technology transfer program at U.S.C., he formed a company named Eyematic Inc. It later became Neven Vision, with the aid of $200,000 in seed money from Anthem Venture Partners.Anthem

8. Connections to the university (USC) did not end. The Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California has continued research in computer recognition jointly with Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany, and with support from Neven Vision. Such collaboration among university research and start-up companies and financial backers is a long-term trend in the U.S.A. Many universities now have offices of technology transfer looking to turn research into commercial ventures -- at the same time that advances in information and biological science and the growth of Internet commerce has led to an explosion of entrepreneurial companies.

9. Scientific and technical articles, by country/region: 1988–2003

10. Portfolio of scientific and technical articles, by field and country/region: 2003

11. The U.S. A. Defense Department research grants in the 1990s benefited the early facial recognition research behind Neven Vision’s technology. And those grants inspired continued technology development in Neven. Ultimately, the technology “will allow you to point your camera phone at a movie poster or a restaurant and get an immediate review of the film or the fare on your cellphone, which will tap into databases,” said Mr. Neven, who foresees one billion camera phones in use worldwide by 2010. That envisioned future may have been brought closer last year when Mr. Neven’s company was acquired by Google for a price that financial experts estimate at more than $40 million.Google

12. U. S. Expenditures for academic R&D by source of funds: 1990–2003

13. UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP OF SCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGY 1.Science provides the knowledge bases for technology. 2.Scientific progress provides the economic opportunity for radical technological innovation. 3.Technology provides the technical base for scientific instrumentation. 4.The economic utility of science to society occurs through its implementation into technology 5.Industry uses technology directly in economic activities and uses science only indirectly (through the science bases of technologies). 6.Society sees science through technology and through education.

14. INANIMATE ANIMATE MATTER MATERIAL BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES MIND POWER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES TYPOLOGY OF ALL TECHNOLOGIES

15. HUMANITY UNIVERSE HUMANITY INTERACTS WITH NATURE IN THE UNIVERSE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY BASED UPON SCIENCE MANIPULATION FEEDBACK MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES POWER TECHNOLOGIES NATURE SCIENCE BASE

16. UNDERLYING THE TYPOLOGY OF TECHNOLOGIES IS THE SCIENCE BASE -- FOUR SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES -MECHANISM BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES -MECHANISM -FUNCTION -SYSTEM POWER TECHNOLOGIES -MECHANISM -SYSTEM - LOGIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES -MECHANISM -FUNCTION - SYSTEM -LOGIC NANOTECHNOLOGY ROBOTICS CONTROL ENERGY BIOTECHNOLOGY

17. BUSINESS CONCEPTS IN INNOVATION STRATEGIC PLANNING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE TECHNOLOGY IN CURRENT PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT INNOVATE NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM NGT PRODUCT PLATFORM NEW PRODUCT LINE GROWTH OF NEW BUSINESSES GROWTH OF EXISTING BUSINESS

18. BUSINESS CONCEPTS IN INNOVATION STRATEGIC PLANNING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE TECHNOLOGY IN CURRENT PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT INNOVATE NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM NGT PRODUCT PLATFORM NEW PRODUCT LINE GROWTH OF NEW BUSINESSES GROWTH OF EXISTING BUSINESS

19. SUMMARY: TASKS OF SCIENCE ADMINISTRATION IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD 1.OBTAINING AND ALLOCATING FUNDS FOR THE SUPPORT OF SCIENCE. 2.SELECTING AND OVERSEEING RESEARCH PROJECTS AND CENTERS FOR SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. 3.REPORTING PROGRESS IN SCIENCE. 4.FACILITATING THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS INTO TECHNOLOGY. 5.UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP OF SCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION. MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ARE INTERNATIONAL.