1. Quality assurance and Quality control in medical radiography
Topic 2

2. Objectives Departmental standards for radiographic image quality
QA/QC group establishment
Quality Management
Objectives

3. Diagnostic procedure chain
The fig. demonstrates the diagnostic procedure chain showing the apparatus such as, x-ray machine, grid, film processor, and the light screen/view box.
After performing this diagnostic procedure, the diagnosis/finding is given only after interpretation by a physician.
Diagnostic procedure chain

4. “Quality assurance as applied to medical radiography is the organized effort of the staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of high quality. Its purpose is to provide adequate diagnostic information with the least possible cost and the least possible radiation exposure to the patient and staff”

5. “Quality assurance as applied to medical radiography is the organized effort of the staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of high quality. Its purpose is to provide adequate diagnostic information with the least possible cost and the least possible radiation exposure to the patient and staff”

6. “Quality assurance as applied to medical radiography is the organized effort of the staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of high quality. Its purpose is to provide adequate diagnostic information with the least possible cost and the least possible radiation exposure to the patient and staff”

7. “Quality assurance as applied to medical radiography is the organized effort of the staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of high quality. Its purpose is to provide adequate diagnostic information with the least possible cost and the least possible radiation exposure to the patient and staff”

8. “Quality assurance as applied to medical radiography is the organized effort of the staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of high quality. Its purpose is to provide adequate diagnostic information with the least possible cost and the least possible radiation exposure to the patient and staff”

9. Requirements of a QA/QC program
It requires the combined efforts of the whole radiology staff.
A hospital qa/qc committee and a qa/qc team must be created to institutionalize the program.
Requirements of a QA/QC program

10. Hospital chief radiologist- head of the x-ray section/department
Chief x-ray/radiologic technologist
Hospital physicist
Other radiologists and radiology resident physicians
Other x-ray/radiologic technologist
Hospital QA/QC team

11. Hospital QA/QC committee
Chief of hospital
Administrative officer
Chief radiologist
Chief x-ray/radiologic technologist
Chief physicist
Hospital maintenance engineer/technician
Others
Hospital QA/QC committee

12. Responsibilities of these groups are as follows:

13. Do periodic film analysis and monthly film analysis report to the QA/QC committee
Establish additional radiographic technique charts when needed, or revise existing technique charts when appropriate.
Establish additional darkroom processing charts or revise existing ones when necessary
Hospital QA/QC team

14. Do periodic quality control test of x-ray equipment, accessories, and darkroom equipment and accessories
Keep a room logbook which contains all the test data on equipment, accessories and all the changes/repairs done to all equipment/accessories in the room, sample images, procedures for QC tests, etc.
Keep all brochures and technical manuals pertaining to equipment and accessories.

15. Hospital QA/QC committee
Meet regularly to discuss film analysis report, QC test results, other reports and problems of the x-ray department/section.
Decide on corrective action to be implemented and on other matters related to the program
Keep a record of minutes of meetings.
The creation of these groups within the hospital should be formalized with the issuance of a hospital order signed by the hospital chief.
Hospital QA/QC committee

16. In medical radiography
In planning and establishing a QA/QC program the following should be considered
In medical radiography

17. Commitment and support of radiology personnel to sustain the program
Establishment of standards of image quality
Conduct of film analysis every month
Establishment of standard darkroom techniques and conduct darkroom QC checks

18. Conduct of preventive maintenance and quality control checks
Establishment of standard protocols in performing different examination
Establishment of a radiation safety program
Conduct of continuous education and training

19. The purpose of A QC testing program

20. The purpose of a QC testing program
Is to maintain the quality of diagnostic images.
This is done with routine monitoring of photographic and x-ray equipment parameters to detect deviations of equipment performance and take prompt corrective action.
The purpose of a QC testing program

21. QC test QC test equipment Equipment acceptance testing
QC testing program
X-ray equipment QC
Photographic equipment QC
QC test

22. Quality assurance deals with people
A program of QA monitors proper patient scheduling, reception, and preparation and answers the following questions;
Is the scheduled examination appropriate for the patient?
If so, has the patient been properly instructed before the time of the examination?
Quality assurance deals with people

23. QA test Equipment performance records and record keeping
Equipment appraisal and replacement policy
Standardization of exposure
Acceptance criteria for diagnostic radiograms
Reject-repeat analysis program
QA test

24. QA also involves image interpretation or outcome analysis.
Refer to TJC 10 step quality assurance program
Quality control deals with instrumentation and equipment.
QA also involves image interpretation or outcome analysis.

25. Quality control is more tangible and obvious because in this program the radiologist is provided with optimal image produced through good equipment performance and resulting in minimal patient radiation exposure.

26. Quality management program

27. Components for quality management program
It should consist of at least the FF. Components:
Equipment quality control
Administrative responsibilities
Risk management
Radiation safety program
Components for quality management program

28. Equipment quality control
It involves evaluation of equipment performance to ensure proper image quality, as well as patient and operator safety.
Equipment quality control

29. Administrative responsibilities
It involves the establishment of various processes to accomplish the specific departmental task.
Procedure manuals
Data collections
Scheduling and routing of patients
Education of personnel
Equipment acquisition
Communication with other department
Administrative responsibilities

30. It is the ability to identify potential risk to patients, employees and visitors at the healthcare institution.
Nosocomial infections
Risk management

31. Radiation safety program
It is to ensure patient exposure is kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), medical staff, dept. Personnel, and member of the general public are protected from overexposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation safety program

32. Personnel protection
Time
Distance
Shielding

33. Other Quality Management/ Quality Improvement Models

34. FADE
5 STAGE PLAN
SWOT analysis
FOCUS-PDCA
FMEA

37. End