1. Economy Development and TVET in Korea
Technical Vocational Education & Training(TVET)

2. 1. HRD KOREA Established in 1982
A Specialized HRD Organization under MOEL
Employees : 1,177
Organization : 1headquarter,
13Bureaus, 39Teams
15 overseas EPS Centers
Budgets : US $ 1 billion
Main Mission
- National Competency Standard(NCS)
- Korean Dual System
- National Qualification Testing
- Lifelong Competency Development
- Employment Permit System(EPS)
This is the organization chart of HRD Korea. Main functions of HRD Korea are International Cooperation, National Qualification Management, Lifelong Competency Development, and Global Employment Service. As a substructure of international HRD cooperation, SIVAT has total 23 staffs. SIVAT is a building with 5 stories above ground and one underground level and From the third floor to fifth floor, there are 63 dormitory rooms and it accommodates up to 111 trainees at a time. Laboratories for electricity, electronics, and computer are located in 1st and 2nd floor. General workshop building for welding, air-conditioning and refrigerator, automotive maintenance is over there, as you can see it.
The Center offers various types of lecture rooms, training rooms, a dormitory, a laundry room, a gym, and singing rooms for providing pleasant accommodations and an educational environment.
As of 2011, over 5,000 government personnel and trainees from 100 countries visited SIVAT to learn about the vocational training programs and HRD systems of Korea.

3. Providing information
2. Global Institute For Transferring Skills
GIFTS
Established in March, to the HRD Korea
Main Roles
- Skills Promotion
- Transferring Advanced Skills
- Skills Competitions/ Domestic / International
- International Cooperation
- World skills Korea
Current Issues
- Knowledge sharing project with WB
- UNESCO BEAR project
- GIZ / ILO project, ASEAN+3 Senminar
- APEC Instructors(TOT)
- Projects with Libya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Uganda,
Nicaragua etc.
Providing information

4. 3. Glance of GIFTS

5. Economic Growth

6. 2.Outcome of Economic Development(Export)

7. State-led Industrialization
3.Aligning HRD with Labor Demand
Efficient supply of industrial workforce based on labor demand
State-led Industrialization
Democratization
1987~1997
Globalization
1997~present
1961~1973
1973~1980
1980~1987
Economy
Light Industrialization
Export Promotion Policy initiated
Heavy & Chemical Industrialization
Economic Stabilization
Economic Liberalization
Economic Slowdown
Industrial Restructuring after Economic Crisis
IT-centered Industrial Upgrading
Education
&
HRD
Statist Educational System
Expansion of Primary Education
Expansion of Middle school Education
Expansion of Vocational Training
Expansion of College Education
Educational Reform of Statist Educational System
Autonomy & Diversity
Universalization of College Education
Educational Globalization
Graduate School Education (BK21)
National HRD
University-Industry Partnership

8. TVET System

9. Outcomes and Future Tasks of Vocational Training in Korea
Outline of Evolution of TVET System
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
EDP
The 1st and 2nd
The 3rd and 4th
5th 6th Eco. + Social Dev.
5yr Plan for New Economy
5 yr Plan
Contd’
GNP per
Capita 79
254
1,645
6,147
10,841
24,044
Tertiary Industries
Employment
Structure
Secondary Industries
Primary Industries
Industrial
Strategy
Agrarian society
Light industry
Heavy industry
State-of-the-art technology
IT, BT, NT
CT, ET,ST
Workers
manual
Craftsman
Engineer
Technician with multiple skills
Technologist
HRD
System
Incomplete
Government-led
Obligatory Vocational Training System
Private-led (Government supported)
Funding
System
None
Subsidy
Obli-gatory V.T.S
Levy-exemption
Levy-grant
(Employment Insurance)
-15-

10. Manpower Demand Scientist Engineer Technologist Technician
Industrial Needs Level
Skilled Worker
Technician
Technologist
Engineer
Scientist
Grd.Sch
Univ.
Tech.H-Sch
Polytechnic
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11. TVET Policy Beginning in the 1970s 1
Government lead Technical Vocational Training
Compulsory TVET (’76): large companies were asked by Gov’t
to supply mono-skilled workforce  Skill Craftsman
According to Economic 5 yr plan many craftsman required
The government founded public training institutions to train
workers, while laying the obligation on employers to train and
educate their employees. These initiates gave a strong
backing to the fast growth of the national economy.

12. TVET Policy Growth in the 1980s 2
Focus in training shifted from mono-skilled to multi-skilled and
multi-functional workforce
Increased support for training facilities, and others at workplace
With the changes in the economic and industrial structure since
1980, different needs for vocational training had been brought
about.
As the industrial structure shifted from labor-intensive to
technology intensive one and from mass production to mass
consumption, there was a growing demand for multi functional
and high skilled workers.
1982 Established Korea Manpower Agency
Now renamed HRD Service of Korea

13. TVET Policy Transition in the 1990s 3
Compulsory Vocational Training → EI Training (’95)
Compulsory training/ training levies
→ EI contributions/training subsidies
Production workers in manufacturing
→ All workers in all industries
Large-scale training for the unemployed during the financial crisis
In response to the chaining trends in the industrial structure, such
as strong showing of the service sector, the government brought in
employment insurance system. Also the government program in the
EI to extend the support coverage to training to all industrial sectors
and workers.

14. TVET Policy 4 Innovation in the 2000s
Closer business-school links to produce professional workforce
Life-long skills development system
Special supports to disadvantaged workers
(SMEs, non-regular, disabled, woman …etc.)
TVET should be conducted in a network type system based on part
nership under Human Resource Development(HRD) is tailored to
the local reality and decentralized approach can contribute to a
balanced growth among different regions.
2006 Korea Polytechnics System Launching

15. Contents of TVET
Skills Development Opportunities for Unemployed and Low education
1) Training for the unemployed
- Training for the unemployed with work experience
- Training for the unemployed without work experience
2) Employment promotion training
- Training for the local unemployed
3) Basic training for workforce
- Training for priority sectors
- Training to foster technicians
4) Vocational training for the disadvantaged
- Persons with Needs for Rehabilitation
- Disadvantaged Self-Employed Person

16. Contents of TVET Promoting Skills development in Companies
1) Employee Training
- Basic training for to-be employees and upgrade training for
incumbent employees
- Subsidy for employees training on paid leave
- Subsidy for employees enrollment in training course
- Loan for skills development expenses
2) Vocational Training for SMEs
- Consortium for vocational training at SME
- Subsidy for organized study at SMEs
(‘Learning Organization’)
- Subsidy for better performance in SME core work

17. Success factors
1) Successful strategy policy of TVET and strong enforcement by the government.
2) Efficiency management of international loan(IBRD) for TVET
The Korea government established several vocational training
institutes to exploit IBRD loan
* Intercontinental Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) = World Bank.
3) Establishment of special training center for vocational training instructors
According to economic development, Korea government tried to
expand number of VTIs’ very rapidly. Qualified vocational
training instructors are dispatched to every VTI as an excellent
instructor.
4) To provide long term overseas training programs for instructors
Korea government had dispatched couple of hundreds
instructors to Germany and advanced country more than one
year. Most of well trained instructors had to work at VTIs’
without evadable chance. Training costs are covered by Korea
and Germany government by scholarship programs.

18. Thank You