Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byEdgar Rockwood Modified over 10 years ago
1
Bioethanol Technologies in Africa Bothwell Batidzirai UNIDO/AU/Brazil First High- Level Biofuels Seminar in Africa (30 July–1 August 2007) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Contents Overview Drivers of bioethanol fuel African experiences Lessons learnt Barrier analysis Action plan Conclusions
3
Key Drivers of Bioethanol Energy security Reduction of oil imports High oil prices Environmental commitments Rural development opportunities Diversification of agricultural industries Lead/MTBE phase out programs
4
Global Ethanol Production Ethanol production doubled to 46 Gl in 2000- 2005 Projected to 60-75 Gl in 2010 Growth mainly in US, Brazil, China 13 countries using ethanol fuel in 2003 At least 30 countries have/plan to introduce ethanol fuel programs SugarcaneMaizeWheat, beet
5
Bioethanol costs by feedstock Source: Davis, 2007
6
Ethanol production in Africa CountryAnnual production (million litres) Egypt30 Kenya15 Mauritius23 Nigeria30 South Africa410 Swaziland13 Zimbabwe25 Other Africa92 Total638 Malawi~18 Ml/yr Source: FO Lichts, 2007
7
Bioethanol experiences in Africa Blending programmes Zimbabwe – blending from 1980-1992 Malawi – blending since 1982 Kenya – blending since 1983-1993 New programmes South Africa – new programme in 2007 Ethiopia – E5 mandate in Addis in 2007 Nigeria – Brazil partnership to create BioCity Sudan – new programme in 2007 Pan African Cassava Initiative
8
Zimbabwe ethanol program Motivation Sanctions, security of supply, saving foreign currency, low sugar prices Success factors Public-private partnership Local material (60%), construction and labour Well developed agriculture & industry Clear pricing policy Well planned implementation strategy Food-fuel dilemma not critical (sugar export crop)
9
Zimbabwe ethanol program Annexed distillery at Triangle (40 Ml pa) Blending at 13-18% 1992 drought reduced feedstock drastically Resuscitation attempts failed Economic reforms favoured export of ethanol Triangle maximised sugar production for export Current plans to resuscitate blending in 2007
10
Malawi ethanol program Motivation Costly imports, security of supply (regional instability) Success factors Clear & consistent policies including incentives & competitive pricing Steady availability of feedstock Availability of irrigation water (Lake Malawi) Dwangwa plant produces 15-20Ml pa since 1982 Plant cost $8mln, savings $32mln (1982-1990) Blending at 15-22% New plant at Nchalo with capacity of 12 Ml pa
11
Kenya ethanol program Madhvani project failed due to costly design Muhoroni plant annexed to sugar mill has capacity of 60kl/day, cost $15 mln Blending at 10% Project continuously registered losses due to uncompetitive pricing Also poor management, resistance from oil companies, loan servicing burden Blending discontinued in 1993 Ethanol currently being exported
12
New Ethanol Fuel Initiatives South Africa Ethanol from maize programme (155 Ml pa) Mandatory E10 blending legislation pending Biofuels strategy being developed Nigeria Using Brazilian model & partnership to start bioethanol programme Presidential Initiative on Cassava & ethanol from cassava plant in Niger with China Ethiopia : Staggered E5 blending programme starting with Addis Sudan: New 10-year sugar strategy include 250 Ml ethanol plant at Eljazeera
13
Lessons Learnt Government support critical (not control) Clear, consistent, sustained policies Capital and pricing incentives Close public-private partnership Supportive institutional framework Local construction & early capacity building Simple designs & avoiding too rapid expansion Sustained feedstock availability Preparedness for weather induced feedstock shortages Comprehensive program of action
14
Barriers Lack of clear, consistent long term policies Lack of government support Lack of supportive institutional framework Lack of technical expertise Capital intensive nature of projects Lack of access to affordable finance Arable land and water availability (droughts) Limited availability of feedstock Competition with food production Market uncertainty due to fluctuating oil, sugar prices
15
Action plan Capacity building Stakeholder awareness raising on benefits, opportunities, technologies, policies Awareness raising on project development, financing strategies Technical expertise development Training in sustainable feedstock production Training in equipment fabrication, civil works, production and maintenance Training in biotechnologies and yield improvement
16
Action Plan Policy development Establish a consultative industry strategy Develop implementation plan incl institutional structure Develop supporting policies e.g incentives & supporting regulatory framework Establish pricing formula for ethanol Research, Development & Demonstration Develop bioethanol research programme Conduct long term research on feedstocks, technologies Establish continuous market and policy review International knowledge sharing Establish international knowledge sharing forum Promote joint RD&D
17
Conclusions Enormous potential for bioethanol fuel Significant benefits already demonstrated Government support critical to project success Mandates and incentives important for market transformation Clear & consistent policy framework important Need for ensuring & monitoring sustainability of programs w.r.t food-fuel dilemma, maintaining environmental integrity
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.